历年托福考试语法真题全面解析43
11. The operetta first ---as a popular form of musical theater in the nineteenth century.(A) to emerge
(B) emerging
(C) has emerged
(D) emerged
答案：D
测试点：谓语.
分析：句中缺谓语动词，而(A)(B)都是动词的非谓语形式，不可单独作谓语．(C)是完成时，不能与副词first搭配，故选(D).
12. ---complex organic catalysts originating in living cells.
(A) Enzymes
(B) Enzymes are
(C) Enzymes which are
(D) Enzymes while they
答案：B
测试点：主谓结构.
分析：句子主、谓均缺，应在答案中选择主语+动词的形式，即(B)．(A)无动词；(C)(D)含有从句.
13. In the eastern part of New Jersey ---, a major shipping and manufacturing center.
(A) lies the city of Elizabeth
(B) the city of Elizabeth lies there
(C) around the city of Elizabeth lies
(D) there lies the city of Elizabeth around
答案：A
测试点：倒装句。
分析：表示地点的介词短语放在句首，通常后面的句子要倒装。应在答案中选择动词+名词的形式，即(A).
解题要点；遇到倒装句，在4个答案中寻找以动词开头的形式.
14. Work in parapsychology, ---, has attracted a relatively small number of scientists.
(A) is a very controversial field
(B) which a very controversial field is
(C) a very controversial field
(D) a field very controversial which
答案：C
测试点：同位语.
分析：主语后面的空格，两边用逗号隔开，常常要么是分词短语作定语，要么是同位语．应在答案中选择说明主语性质的名词性结构作其同位语，即(C)．(A)多了动词；(B)(D)与从句有关.
15. ---, the constitution of the Cherokee Nation provided for a chief executive, a senate, and a house of representatives.
(A) In 1827 they drafted
(B) The draft in 1827
(C) In 1827 was drafted
(D) Drafted in 1827
答案：D
测试点：分词短语/状语。
分析：空格位于句首，后面用逗号与完整的句子隔开，所缺常常是状语。(D)为分词短语，作时间状语。
解题要点；过去分词+in+年份是TOEFL常考短语.
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