历年托福考试语法真题全面解析43

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11. The operetta first ---as a popular form of musical theater in the nineteenth century.
) b$ g, Q5 X- m9 P2 r, r% c6 ^6 d(A) to emerge
* }1 {7 V8 C! r# ]' l" x(B) emerging
( ^8 r8 O8 g8 t(C) has emerged
(D) emerged
  
答案：D
测试点：谓语.
分析：句中缺谓语动词，而(A)(B)都是动词的非谓语形式，不可单独作谓语．(C)是完成时，不能与副词first搭配，故选(D).
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12. ---complex organic catalysts originating in living cells.
( @7 w! h2 B! i( v3 a7 s  o(A) Enzymes
, i2 @" |. k$ g: W1 l(B) Enzymes are
(C) Enzymes which are
(D) Enzymes while they
  
答案：B
测试点：主谓结构.
分析：句子主、谓均缺，应在答案中选择主语+动词的形式，即(B)．(A)无动词；(C)(D)含有从句.
  
* t5 n+ |# l- H, P: g. q; k13. In the eastern part of New Jersey ---, a major shipping and manufacturing center.
( g! A# b1 A+ [0 H8 h5 d* W(A) lies the city of Elizabeth
(B) the city of Elizabeth lies there
(C) around the city of Elizabeth lies
(D) there lies the city of Elizabeth around
  
答案：A
! Y! ~1 v! F* L) @. d& W9 J测试点：倒装句。
分析：表示地点的介词短语放在句首，通常后面的句子要倒装。应在答案中选择动词+名词的形式，即(A).
解题要点；遇到倒装句，在4个答案中寻找以动词开头的形式.
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6 D, ~  v' X2 ?% U+ b$ l14. Work in parapsychology, ---, has attracted a relatively small number of scientists.
(A) is a very controversial field
) ]' M, T" A, E- I3 Z(B) which a very controversial field is
(C) a very controversial field
" ]+ `% V- W! o# V(D) a field very controversial which
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答案：C
9 s3 K2 s. B# I( g测试点：同位语.
& V' b- \0 J# A, C; r& R0 C分析：主语后面的空格，两边用逗号隔开，常常要么是分词短语作定语，要么是同位语．应在答案中选择说明主语性质的名词性结构作其同位语，即(C)．(A)多了动词；(B)(D)与从句有关.
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15. ---, the constitution of the Cherokee Nation provided for a chief executive, a senate, and a house of representatives.
(A) In 1827 they drafted
& s% p6 |1 w  ^5 X0 o: [(B) The draft in 1827
(C) In 1827 was drafted
" y& d* E2 [8 U8 i& C7 N(D) Drafted in 1827
  
$ ^; G) m% U$ e0 w答案：D
测试点：分词短语/状语。
5 l. m0 f  M9 D1 I$ m( W2 i分析：空格位于句首，后面用逗号与完整的句子隔开，所缺常常是状语。(D)为分词短语，作时间状语。
解题要点；过去分词+in+年份是TOEFL常考短语.