托福语法辅导：托福语法全攻略(8)
托福语法辅导：托福语法全攻略(8)第五节 所有格及of结构
考点一 词尾加 's或 ' 的所有格
所谓名词所有格即表示名词之间所有关系的特殊结构, 其最普通的形式为: n. +'s,
如: my mother's coat, the headmaster's home， the president's office
如果原词结尾已有s, 则只要加 ' ,
如: the students' union, the ladies' room
例题:
(1)
It is widely believed that the pull of gravity on a falling raindrop changes ----round shape into a teardrop shape.
(A) of the drop
(B) the drop's
(C) drop of
(D) drops their
答案: (B)
解释: 此句包含由that引导的宾语从句, 从句谓语动词changes的宾语不完整, 据选项推知需要一个和round shape 搭配的表所属关系的词组, (B) 恰好构成所有格形式. 若选(A), 语序应为the round shape of the drop; (C) 所属关系颠倒; (D) 结构混乱
(2)
Over a very large number of trials, the probability of an event's ---- is equal to the probability that it will not occur.
(A) occurs
(B) will occur
(C) can occur
(D) occurring
答案：D
解释：句中已有谓语动词, 's只可能是名词所有格的标志, 后面自然应接名词性的结构, D之外的选项均可一次性排除
考点二 of结构
所有格主要用于有生命的个体(人、国家或动物), 那么大多数无生命的物质或抽象概念间的所有关系，或者说凡是不能够加's的名词，都可用of结构构成短语来表示所有关系, 需要注意of前后都是名词(包括代词和动名词)
如： the title of the passage
例如:
(1)
James Whistler was indifferent to the titles of his painted and even changed the names of some works years after their completion.
应改为: paintings
解释: of 之前是名词, 后面也需要一个名词共同构成表示所有关系的结构, 将分词painted改为名词, 这个词组的意思为他的画的题目
(2)
Muscular motion is caused by the stimulate of specific nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord.
应改为: stimulation
解释: 定冠词the之后需要名词与of+n.(specific nerve cells)结构搭配表示所属关系, stimulate是动词, 应改为名词形式.
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