托福语法辅导:托福语法全攻略(8)( A, G% @& J9 |# g8 ]; V: [
第五节 所有格及of结构% e) R: Z/ o1 I3 g6 `
考点一 词尾加 's或 ' 的所有格
# o1 S2 ^2 J1 d) H% q 所谓名词所有格即表示名词之间所有关系的特殊结构, 其最普通的形式为: n. +'s,
4 \" i! O) Z; }$ y ] 如: my mother's coat, the headmaster's home, the president's office5 i: N; G+ U e% f
如果原词结尾已有s, 则只要加 ' ,$ v! k) U1 {5 O# ^0 Y$ `
如: the students' union, the ladies' room
& [0 h" g; `8 n) o 例题:# Q1 S2 O% J8 W4 h& L$ L' s- P
(1)
8 M9 ~( ~# ?7 b It is widely believed that the pull of gravity on a falling raindrop changes ----round shape into a teardrop shape., e0 B6 R: M2 k2 v* a' s4 r- e
(A) of the drop( h7 v9 ]% J2 _* y8 Y) ?4 ~
(B) the drop's+ s3 ^( ?8 Z- G& J+ G, B5 p
(C) drop of
' s" V1 T0 v: R2 ~) B w9 n (D) drops their4 {/ }; }! h, i) V/ w& _! e$ N9 x
答案: (B)9 Z( h* r6 {% z4 ?( X
解释: 此句包含由that引导的宾语从句, 从句谓语动词changes的宾语不完整, 据选项推知需要一个和round shape 搭配的表所属关系的词组, (B) 恰好构成所有格形式. 若选(A), 语序应为the round shape of the drop; (C) 所属关系颠倒; (D) 结构混乱
4 P1 J5 {; V7 l _ (2)
1 ^1 ^9 q; p, }6 G" s Over a very large number of trials, the probability of an event's ---- is equal to the probability that it will not occur.
H/ B# c' q; K! m4 [! o& G+ m) p (A) occurs, T% U" h h }
(B) will occur
+ F- B5 `+ s |3 g (C) can occur. n/ ^) f8 H9 o& K- G! Z! q
(D) occurring, ?* n( T1 N# \( B6 T- X+ q, c8 a
答案:D
7 w2 G1 B: Q" A2 h 解释:句中已有谓语动词, 's只可能是名词所有格的标志, 后面自然应接名词性的结构, D之外的选项均可一次性排除
8 [* V; z; R7 s) M 考点二 of结构1 O" D9 i4 r! {: i4 e9 Y
所有格主要用于有生命的个体(人、国家或动物), 那么大多数无生命的物质或抽象概念间的所有关系,或者说凡是不能够加's的名词,都可用of结构构成短语来表示所有关系, 需要注意of前后都是名词(包括代词和动名词)
' y! q9 Q; ]1 A% D6 D* a7 ^ 如: the title of the passage
8 _7 j1 p$ N+ R) l" D 例如:
' d# r4 i- V' Q! P# B (1)
+ ]! A* T" z: v- Q- v James Whistler was indifferent to the titles of his painted and even changed the names of some works years after their completion.; o3 H9 s: c, D# n- C
应改为: paintings
) e( c7 B' K# t; c$ M( ^# R 解释: of 之前是名词, 后面也需要一个名词共同构成表示所有关系的结构, 将分词painted改为名词, 这个词组的意思为他的画的题目& ~, O: W9 r* A- `% K; |" m
(2)# \- D3 m; O! L+ k0 L. }
Muscular motion is caused by the stimulate of specific nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord., ?5 {0 ?3 y, k4 q( w
应改为: stimulation% Q' X6 H1 I( X7 c" e8 Z" ~
解释: 定冠词the之后需要名词与of+n.(specific nerve cells)结构搭配表示所属关系, stimulate是动词, 应改为名词形式. |