2012年托福考试语法辅导:不定式作定语
不定式作定语不定式常接在名词之后作定语,如:
something to read, nothing to do, anything to declare,
a lot to complain of, the right person to talk to, etc.
由上述例子不难看出不定式和被修饰词间有动宾关系,因此不及物动词之后必须加上相搭配的介词(例如上面的complain + of, talk +to)
不定式定语还可表示将来的含义,如:in the years to follow, the meeting to be held in June
针对TOEFL解题需注意下列情况:
1. 由序数词修饰的名词之后多用不定式作定语,
如:the first one to arrive, the last to mention, the only thing to talk about
例句:Not only was the Mariner spacecraft the first to fly beyond Mars, but it also survived in space well past its expected lifetime of twenty-one months.
2. 改错题常出现名词之后直接接动词,且二者间不是主谓关系而是动宾关系,此处必定有错,应在动词前加to,变为不定式作定语
如:Do you have anything declare (错)
Do you have anything to declare (对) (你有什么东西需要申报的吗?)
3. 少量题中出现了类似定语从句的不定式作定语,其基本形式为:介词+关系代词+不定式,如:Here is a blue pen, with which to fill out the form.
例题
(1)
An innovator, ballerina Augusta Maywood was ---- a traveling company.
(A) to form the first
(B) the first to form
(C) who formed the first
(D) forming the first
答案:B
解释:空格前是句子的主谓语, 空格处需要was的表语, first不能和a连用, 故A、C、D肯定不对; B中the first作表语, 省略了后面的person, 不定式to form…作定语, the first to do是常见用法, 表示第一个做某事的人
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