不定式作定语: S# B) k, y2 w& b8 T2 h& q
不定式常接在名词之后作定语，如： : \7 t5 g6 b+ r5 ^4 g* E5 G5 A
something to read, nothing to do, anything to declare, m" x! j5 v& R
a lot to complain of, the right person to talk to, etc. : _. l/ D0 w5 a2 f" L$ t
由上述例子不难看出不定式和被修饰词间有动宾关系，因此不及物动词之后必须加上相搭配的介词（例如上面的complain + of, talk +to） 7 Y4 Z2 ^7 [7 h* ^9 a8 e3 m6 d
不定式定语还可表示将来的含义，如：in the years to follow, the meeting to be held in June : e8 R; Q- b; z4 E# @
针对TOEFL解题需注意下列情况： / [$ F) G% a2 h8 n4 q( G
1. 由序数词修饰的名词之后多用不定式作定语，
) g8 o9 ]( H, o 如：the first one to arrive, the last to mention, the only thing to talk about
5 i, d( b ~% _; w- { 例句：Not only was the Mariner spacecraft the first to fly beyond Mars, but it also survived in space well past its expected lifetime of twenty-one months. ( M# D8 i' i( V5 w2 Y& |
2. 改错题常出现名词之后直接接动词，且二者间不是主谓关系而是动宾关系，此处必定有错，应在动词前加to，变为不定式作定语
, B) ?0 I! Q3 r7 g r2 k3 n3 _; ~3 S z 如：Do you have anything declare (错)
2 p8 b& `( ]+ k" e1 U+ V' e Do you have anything to declare (对) （你有什么东西需要申报的吗？) , c: }/ P% S& h+ B4 ~6 f" y, n
3. 少量题中出现了类似定语从句的不定式作定语，其基本形式为：介词+关系代词+不定式，如：Here is a blue pen, with which to fill out the form. / Z3 G. I- m4 _5 T9 Y3 }
例题 6 {: C% p0 h: I8 l7 |0 k5 M6 y
(1) + M! Z1 f; p1 ?# ~
An innovator, ballerina Augusta Maywood was ---- a traveling company. 2 D3 M- v0 c2 t) H/ [1 g
(A) to form the first
' t1 q, f$ k$ k (B) the first to form 6 p* H! f0 N3 `* j9 Q5 n6 ~ H
(C) who formed the first + f8 F. }' h2 V6 k
(D) forming the first
; k2 T- W0 Y2 [2 g- a 答案：B 4 H& N- ]. C8 R6 E+ v
解释：空格前是句子的主谓语, 空格处需要was的表语, first不能和a连用, 故A、C、D肯定不对; B中the first作表语, 省略了后面的person, 不定式to form…作定语, the first to do是常见用法, 表示第一个做某事的人 |
发表于 2012-8-14 23:32:39
