不定式作定语4 D! l2 S' n8 W: z% c/ P
不定式常接在名词之后作定语,如: 8 @; y1 G4 b( k* W0 p4 U- r
something to read, nothing to do, anything to declare, $ g& Y( ^( ~* g: V% w
a lot to complain of, the right person to talk to, etc.
7 ?& K! y( d& ]; ?" R 由上述例子不难看出不定式和被修饰词间有动宾关系,因此不及物动词之后必须加上相搭配的介词(例如上面的complain + of, talk +to)
6 Z; z* E0 u6 v( ]- @ 不定式定语还可表示将来的含义,如:in the years to follow, the meeting to be held in June 7 P+ M J$ c( T- ~( x
针对TOEFL解题需注意下列情况:
9 A$ ~1 C0 E" M4 ~$ [) } 1. 由序数词修饰的名词之后多用不定式作定语,
. B$ J9 p$ D% E& b1 u/ i9 U* w' U) Y 如:the first one to arrive, the last to mention, the only thing to talk about
: T& y+ _( |- w1 g, l8 R 例句:Not only was the Mariner spacecraft the first to fly beyond Mars, but it also survived in space well past its expected lifetime of twenty-one months. 0 I" o1 a4 e2 T( z8 S! s
2. 改错题常出现名词之后直接接动词,且二者间不是主谓关系而是动宾关系,此处必定有错,应在动词前加to,变为不定式作定语 0 X* F! D- [3 r" y
如:Do you have anything declare (错)
4 g+ R5 m Z+ S Do you have anything to declare (对) (你有什么东西需要申报的吗?)
% I0 V: g: X/ W2 V4 m/ Z4 G$ o: Z& @2 b 3. 少量题中出现了类似定语从句的不定式作定语,其基本形式为:介词+关系代词+不定式,如:Here is a blue pen, with which to fill out the form.
" o9 E6 w# L7 I 例题
) i" U G9 r6 w4 z' `$ }/ ~ (1)
% V' F( M, f; m9 M7 U( Z2 Y1 [ An innovator, ballerina Augusta Maywood was ---- a traveling company. 4 q& ^9 J: t* e3 M; [
(A) to form the first ) R2 _" v: h1 f f0 {* s1 D3 k
(B) the first to form
- O1 ]# V& @8 W5 |1 ^) @: { (C) who formed the first
0 ], d# ]9 q8 c9 h, Y3 t- g" P5 o (D) forming the first
7 ]# D& q# i9 Y- L' H7 @ 答案:B
$ K+ A) |& q% @; P2 @ 解释:空格前是句子的主谓语, 空格处需要was的表语, first不能和a连用, 故A、C、D肯定不对; B中the first作表语, 省略了后面的person, 不定式to form…作定语, the first to do是常见用法, 表示第一个做某事的人 |