托福考试改错题常考要点及例题分析（下）Ⅰ
五、句子的结构 句子的结构主要考查四个出题方向。(一) 主语的重复 名词+代词+谓语，这个代词永远是重复的主语，永远是错的
例：Woodrow Wilson he was an idealist who refused to make any
A B
compromises concerning the establishment of the
C D
League of Nations.
分析：代词he不是同位语，主语重复；如果是下面这样的主语，那么便是主语同位语
A prolific writer, Woodrow Wilson
例：Two unique features of the Arctic they are
A B
lack of precipitation and permanently frozen ground.
C D
分析：选项B中的they和前面的主语two unique features重复
(二)谓语的重复 完整的句子后面又多了一个谓语，往往改为定语从句
例：A paragraph is a portion of a text consists of
来源：考试A B
one or more sentences related to the same idea.
C D
分析：B错，应改为consisting of或which consists of。句中有两个无法连接的谓语动词，而且前一个谓语动词下面没有划线，故改consists为非谓语动词形式或在它前面加which使之成为从句谓语动词。
(三)谓语的缺少
例：Most mammals to maintain a relatively constant body
A B
temperature, regardless of what the air temperature might be.
C D
分析：A错，应改为maintain。句中缺谓语动词，故去掉不定式符号to 使maintain变成谓语动词。
(四)主句的重复 主句的重复总是考even, instead, during, despite等引导的句子, 但是实际上它们无法把两个句子连接起来，因为它们都是副词或者介词，连接两个句子应该用连接词连接
例：Salmon spend most of their adult lives in salt water, despite
A B C
they return to their freshwater birthplaces to spawn and die.
D
分析：C错，应改为though。despite是介词，后面一般接名词作宾语，而在句中它后面却跟着一个完整的句子，所以改为连词though。
例：Solar eclipses occur during the Moon's shadow
A B
sweeps across the face of the Earth.
C D
分析：B错，应改为when或as。介词不能引导条件状语从句，根据题意改为从属连词when或as。
例：Even many early leaders of the United States have provided
A B
names for towns, only George Washington
C
is remembered in the name of a state.
D
分析：A错，应改为Even though。even为副词，不能引导从句，根据题意，改为引导让步状语从句的Even though。
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