五、句子的结构 句子的结构主要考查四个出题方向。
/ ]/ Z8 l" O7 Y5 S- w (一) 主语的重复 名词+代词+谓语,这个代词永远是重复的主语,永远是错的
& _$ J5 ^' A- F2 n1 Z 例:Woodrow Wilson he was an idealist who refused to make any
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compromises concerning the establishment of the) H, u9 A' F7 R$ c) ?" R; G
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League of Nations.
9 q# K$ [8 D) u) ? 分析:代词he不是同位语,主语重复;如果是下面这样的主语,那么便是主语同位语
4 g8 v% |. {' _- K8 W; { A prolific writer, Woodrow Wilson
- H+ B( e6 {$ S6 i. N% r$ ` 例:Two unique features of the Arctic they are
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lack of precipitation and permanently frozen ground.
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分析:选项B中的they和前面的主语two unique features重复
1 L T$ z% X& y" |1 A8 K. m% h2 ~ (二)谓语的重复 完整的句子后面又多了一个谓语,往往改为定语从句
2 W- G9 @+ J3 O9 V4 E( j) A3 d' ~ 例:A paragraph is a portion of a text consists of
/ L/ f9 ~, s c6 f5 ] 来源:考试A B
8 k& V8 O: ]$ r4 }2 ? one or more sentences related to the same idea.
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分析:B错,应改为consisting of或which consists of。句中有两个无法连接的谓语动词,而且前一个谓语动词下面没有划线,故改consists为非谓语动词形式或在它前面加which使之成为从句谓语动词。
, f4 v2 N8 N6 R9 ?! K' c/ S$ @# p (三)谓语的缺少. Z0 W+ W2 J& W7 J. ]' M
例:Most mammals to maintain a relatively constant body
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temperature, regardless of what the air temperature might be.
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" I, [2 `2 S3 j/ b! v 分析:A错,应改为maintain。句中缺谓语动词,故去掉不定式符号to 使maintain变成谓语动词。
! k5 G6 Y. W3 A) t+ { (四)主句的重复 主句的重复总是考even, instead, during, despite等引导的句子, 但是实际上它们无法把两个句子连接起来,因为它们都是副词或者介词,连接两个句子应该用连接词连接0 O( G5 N7 M* T; }/ t, ]( d
例:Salmon spend most of their adult lives in salt water, despite
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* J; e& I4 C- x4 ~7 g' f% i they return to their freshwater birthplaces to spawn and die.) n F% G. {/ F9 w# R& n
D
2 h+ C! p4 [! y9 Y* i( G 分析:C错,应改为though。despite是介词,后面一般接名词作宾语,而在句中它后面却跟着一个完整的句子,所以改为连词though。
& Q0 w2 t2 {! c# b 例:Solar eclipses occur during the Moon's shadow& C( s" U' _3 |- G& A6 S
A B
( y8 P, X( o" ^8 Q sweeps across the face of the Earth.; P6 L/ V! s* Z
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0 j- [, k1 W: ^) k 分析:B错,应改为when或as。介词不能引导条件状语从句,根据题意改为从属连词when或as。
! [) }3 R4 [2 n5 V9 q: \$ P 例:Even many early leaders of the United States have provided
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names for towns, only George Washington
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is remembered in the name of a state.) p+ Q$ B+ n ~. a$ X7 _$ N7 v
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分析:A错,应改为Even though。even为副词,不能引导从句,根据题意,改为引导让步状语从句的Even though。 |