五、句子的结构 句子的结构主要考查四个出题方向。6 q/ m8 I7 H1 z0 E& _
(一) 主语的重复 名词+代词+谓语,这个代词永远是重复的主语,永远是错的
7 w; [& o4 P3 ]3 { b. N2 S2 X1 x 例:Woodrow Wilson he was an idealist who refused to make any1 |% g3 l q+ ?! w* Q
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compromises concerning the establishment of the# ^4 Z9 m6 m. j5 M# ]) w K0 M! s
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. U& @0 a% T7 f' W& t; M League of Nations.
- |3 V3 `7 J, V7 v W0 K 分析:代词he不是同位语,主语重复;如果是下面这样的主语,那么便是主语同位语
2 o8 T1 N& A1 f% q' n4 V' h A prolific writer, Woodrow Wilson
7 S6 H, C8 t' t' o& R 例:Two unique features of the Arctic they are
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lack of precipitation and permanently frozen ground.
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: W1 @5 C2 B% u- ~1 D 分析:选项B中的they和前面的主语two unique features重复
5 D$ @7 g J% [0 I. e, z (二)谓语的重复 完整的句子后面又多了一个谓语,往往改为定语从句
& M. U4 ?: H$ k8 ] o% h! x; Y; v5 h 例:A paragraph is a portion of a text consists of
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c. A7 o# B9 |1 Y e ^ one or more sentences related to the same idea.
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1 @! f2 R# u8 r: v 分析:B错,应改为consisting of或which consists of。句中有两个无法连接的谓语动词,而且前一个谓语动词下面没有划线,故改consists为非谓语动词形式或在它前面加which使之成为从句谓语动词。) Y4 D- c& M/ U/ G; N/ z
(三)谓语的缺少2 j% h' M1 Z& Z
例:Most mammals to maintain a relatively constant body
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temperature, regardless of what the air temperature might be.
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分析:A错,应改为maintain。句中缺谓语动词,故去掉不定式符号to 使maintain变成谓语动词。
6 C/ P1 u: b, c3 K (四)主句的重复 主句的重复总是考even, instead, during, despite等引导的句子, 但是实际上它们无法把两个句子连接起来,因为它们都是副词或者介词,连接两个句子应该用连接词连接
) r! |! s1 h# X3 x o8 X 例:Salmon spend most of their adult lives in salt water, despite
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they return to their freshwater birthplaces to spawn and die.: k) I' y( Y# p; x
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分析:C错,应改为though。despite是介词,后面一般接名词作宾语,而在句中它后面却跟着一个完整的句子,所以改为连词though。
1 o- X7 C* v$ d8 f8 h 例:Solar eclipses occur during the Moon's shadow
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, T: v0 t7 r7 e/ [; V; l sweeps across the face of the Earth.
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分析:B错,应改为when或as。介词不能引导条件状语从句,根据题意改为从属连词when或as。
* W6 K* J/ H( w5 w% b' z5 m, u: y; ` 例:Even many early leaders of the United States have provided
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names for towns, only George Washington4 E6 ^# k" D5 C; }: D9 v+ j
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is remembered in the name of a state.
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8 P1 {6 \9 l6 o9 @8 R 分析:A错,应改为Even though。even为副词,不能引导从句,根据题意,改为引导让步状语从句的Even though。 |