91. "Most people think that their deeply held values are the result of rational choice, but reason often has little to do with the way people form values." |4 C f3 r) Q% I5 r; @2 Z3 w
) p2 `! {7 O( @- h/ c1 \7 N大多数人认为他们深信不疑的价值观是理性选择的结果,但是理智往往对于人们形成价值观几乎根本不起作用。 # ]+ N5 U, U* v
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Individual’s deeply held values are usually not the result of rational choice, but the result of socialization. ' |* g! x8 |' ]4 e1 v+ U& S4 |9 J
1. It is the culture in which we live that provides us with the values. ( f6 v# \3 Q G* ?7 u, u
2. Most people simply adopt the values instilled by their culture. 4 L1 H( Y1 }* o6 h
3. It is necessary to question the established values within a certain society. 5 ^5 [4 v% t6 z$ U1 u
理性和感性之价值观 , e* p3 A) |$ z* X7 m3 h( P- {% _
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5 N1 o m: U* f$ f95. "People work more productively in teams than individually. Teamwork requires cooperation, which motivates people much more than individual competition does."
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人们在团队中工作比独立工作要更加有效率。团队协作需要的合作能够比个人间的竞争更加激励人们。
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% O' L7 r0 H) B" |/ z$ h1. In some jobs productivity clearly depends on the ability of coworkers to cooperate as members of a team. 5 t2 {+ H! D; M3 L1 d, U4 R
2. In other types of jobs individual competition, tenacity and ambition are key to productivity.
; I* T# H- T! R7 @) v% q9 |3 N! R2 P7 z3. On balance, however, my view is that cooperation is more crucial for an organization’s long-term productivity than individual competition. 3 _- W# R4 m9 D
竞争和合作之效率 - P' d0 B5 [0 ?5 R3 C4 {! K8 M* e
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99. "In any realm of life--whether academic, social, business, or political—the only way to succeed is to take a practical, rather than an idealistic, point of view. Pragmatic behavior guarantees survival, whereas idealistic views tend to be superceded by simpler, more immediate options."
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% l0 S; r# S' j在任何生活领域中----无论是学术、社会、商业还是政治----获得成功的唯一道路就是采取现实的而不是理想化的观点。实用的行为确保了生存,反之理想化的观点正在趋于被更简化的和更直接的选择所取代。 |