对立关系反义词解法 ' ?* D, [6 {5 \4 J- u7 Q$ k0 P' n
凡是出现but, yet, however, nevertheless, although, (even) though, while, whereas, notwithstanding, despite, in spite of, in contrast (to), on the contrary, on the other hand, whatever, otherwise, ironically, paradoxically, curiously, surprisingly 等带有转折逆转含义的题目,则代入空格的正确选项必与中心线索构成语义对立的反义词关系。
! K# b7 I8 v7 M5 C0 K/ x2 E+ q/ H例 Ⅰ: : C/ ~5 t5 z& `5 y- s% ^
It is true that seeds of some plants have - after two hundred years of dormancy, but reports that viable seeds have been found in ancient tombs such as pyramids are entirely -.
# h# f, ^+ N; D8 ]$ O# q(A) received ... empirical ! _5 E' X6 q" U; V" I+ R
(B) germinated ... unfounded
, n! A+ f8 u/ E6 t9 ~0 y(C) endured ... irrelevant - _, w8 p9 ]! F H: Q1 R1 K
(D) erupted ... reasonable , Y" o/ r6 n; x4 i
(E) proliferated ... substantiated 2 _% ?- U4 a8 J7 @* {
〖解答〗
# o$ h0 W, E; P0 R5 j% h先处理空格Ⅱ:题内"It is true that..."代表了第一种说法,"but reports that..."代表了与第一种说法相反的情形。既然前者是“确凿可信的”(true), 则后者应是“虚妄谬误的”,与true一词构成反义。(D) reasonable 和 (E) substantiated (具体化的,被证实了的)构成的是同义关系,可先予排除。(A) empirical (经验主义的)无针对性。(C) irrelevant 意为“不相关联的”,它并不就意味着“谬误的”。唯 (B) unfounded (没有根据的,无稽之谈的)为正确。在空格Ⅰ处,所代入的动词用以描述 “seeds” 的某种情况,可将第二句中再涉及seeds这一概念时所用的viable一词以动词形式直接代入,则求得同义的(B)germinated一词。 9 D1 X. u" @0 }* H! w
〖中译〗 - O! Z; a2 d) H( z# J
某些植物的种籽在经历了两百多年的休眠状态之后依然能发芽,这一情形完全属实,但是,在诸如金字塔一类的古代坟墓中能寻找到尚能存活发芽的种籽,这样的传闻纯属无稽之谈。 7 J- \$ C& i$ L+ m# S: m& b
例 Ⅱ: 0 [* p0 E: D- |
Even though some genetic mutations may be useful under certain circumstances, most are unconditionally - in all existing environments. : S) I+ W% @' T
(A) expendable
8 M) r9 l5 O' |+ F# w6 A(B) androgynous
$ c/ ^, f+ {& N& c( t(C) prevalent
+ d$ o8 W' ]& P( \1 `" W(D) ancillary 1 i" s" m0 u$ p0 _" f2 d
(E) deleterious 6 ~8 r* `5 F* O& A( a1 W& v# l
〖解答〗 以Even though 引导的让步状语从句与主句构成对立相反的关系,将中心线索定位于useful一词,则求得其反义词(E)deleterious(有害的,造成伤害的)。 |