GRE阅读长难句典型结构的详细解析

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1、长成分  
6 O7 ]5 J/ L- s# h　　1)长从句做主语、宾语及其他成分
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　　a、主语从句
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' D0 z, O" R' e- u! E% K　　b、宾语从句

　　2)长状语
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　　3)层层修饰

　　4)并列成分

9 @- q3 J( E$ w$ U　　2、常见倒装搭配

　　(1)及物动词加介词：固定词组的固定搭配中，经常出现倒装情况，如：bring A to B，写作：bring to B A
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! a& s; s2 ]1 L; T' l- r! T　　例：Yet Waltzer's argument , however deficient , does point to one of the serious weaknesses of capitalism-namely , that it brings to predominant positions in a society people who ,no matter how legitimately they have earned their material rewards , often lack those other qualities that evoke affection or admiration.

　　类似的情况：throw over , insert into , import into , infer from, establish for , advocate as 等

　　(2)及物动词加副词
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- m4 f0 D% S+ P( J7 N9 }9 v　　例：make possible …(单词或者句子)

9 y: e3 Y5 [  f　　3、省略的几种情况

　　(1)重复的成分

　　(2)让步转折的省略：如although (but)

1 d" F7 b9 E" L% I" @0 q　　(3)定语从句引导词的省略which(that )
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　　(4)定语从句的引导词和系动词同时省略，变成后置定语

　　如：qualities(such as “the capacity for hard work”) essential in producing wealth

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　4、 短语被分割  
7 l" U: w1 ~6 r$ L& ~( P) |/ [　　如：such as, so that , too to , more than , from A to B , between A and B

/ s$ [& D: _+ ~$ p! d7 q　　5、多重否定

　　如：Despite these vague categories , one should not claim unequivocally that hostility between recognizable classes cannot be legitimately observed .

　　6、难句分析举例
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　　Such large, impersonal manipulation of capital and industry greatly increased the numbers and importance of shareholders as a class , an element in national life representing irresponsible wealth detached from the land and the duties of the landowners; and almost equally detached from the responsible management of business.
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$ t+ ]) r6 Q+ {; n' R# z" @　　[句子主干]Such large, impersonal manipulation of capital and industry greatly increased …shareholders as a class, (which was) an element…

　　[语法难点]本句是典型的非限定性定语从句，难点在其主语和宾语都有较长的短语和of结构限定，并且分句是由两个and相连的3个部分组成的。分句an element…landowners 又带有两个定语从句，一个是(which was)representing… ，另一个是(which was)detached…。
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　　可见，定语从句的难点在于经常省略“引导词+be”的结构，从而在理解上容易和分词结构相混淆。