GRE阅读长难句典型结构的详细解析

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1、长成分  
　　1)长从句做主语、宾语及其他成分
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' F* y/ k* J* q4 a) ~' |" E/ P7 c　　a、主语从句

　　b、宾语从句
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　　2)长状语
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( }  i* O- R4 ?. _4 o$ b  i9 j( d　　3)层层修饰

9 ]4 K* H& s6 Y5 T0 b　　4)并列成分
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8 m9 W0 L; C: S3 x/ B' R7 [& k　　2、常见倒装搭配
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　　(1)及物动词加介词：固定词组的固定搭配中，经常出现倒装情况，如：bring A to B，写作：bring to B A

7 @. b! K# L( f: R( A, Z; x　　例：Yet Waltzer's argument , however deficient , does point to one of the serious weaknesses of capitalism-namely , that it brings to predominant positions in a society people who ,no matter how legitimately they have earned their material rewards , often lack those other qualities that evoke affection or admiration.
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　　类似的情况：throw over , insert into , import into , infer from, establish for , advocate as 等

- l0 ~, s9 r% ^$ K8 z3 q　　(2)及物动词加副词
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　　例：make possible …(单词或者句子)
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8 j6 C8 f8 g0 Z% r/ T  f　　3、省略的几种情况
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% o( \. ^# P7 d4 x6 [( r- t# X　　(1)重复的成分
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　　(2)让步转折的省略：如although (but)
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1 D) c: g* Q7 o1 L5 X) t; `　　(3)定语从句引导词的省略which(that )
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- q2 N0 c1 \5 W9 Z　　(4)定语从句的引导词和系动词同时省略，变成后置定语

0 z0 ^! v( T- _# o　　如：qualities(such as “the capacity for hard work”) essential in producing wealth

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　4、 短语被分割  
' _7 A( k5 c4 j: n　　如：such as, so that , too to , more than , from A to B , between A and B

　　5、多重否定

( L& P* n' p5 S1 r4 [1 ^, j9 @1 ]　　如：Despite these vague categories , one should not claim unequivocally that hostility between recognizable classes cannot be legitimately observed .
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9 n! S; G* B/ }- C# W! W, F" B8 x　　6、难句分析举例

) h! l( J" d5 `1 E  w$ W: w% P　　Such large, impersonal manipulation of capital and industry greatly increased the numbers and importance of shareholders as a class , an element in national life representing irresponsible wealth detached from the land and the duties of the landowners; and almost equally detached from the responsible management of business.
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0 ^9 ]/ f2 f  I9 r0 D- @- H　　[句子主干]Such large, impersonal manipulation of capital and industry greatly increased …shareholders as a class, (which was) an element…
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# I/ T, H* V; v- v8 p9 Z9 g5 u　　[语法难点]本句是典型的非限定性定语从句，难点在其主语和宾语都有较长的短语和of结构限定，并且分句是由两个and相连的3个部分组成的。分句an element…landowners 又带有两个定语从句，一个是(which was)representing… ，另一个是(which was)detached…。

　　可见，定语从句的难点在于经常省略“引导词+be”的结构，从而在理解上容易和分词结构相混淆。