非谓语动词! l% f' p9 L8 [0 S" h1 v2 @3 c
动名词
$ i6 H( `) c# `6 s9 o 1.定义:动名词是由动词或动词短语转换而成的名词性结构,其构成的形式是在动词或动词短语的动词后面加上ing7 c% w) L7 S4 E( e! _- d
2.动能:+ L# [+ M) }0 }8 C- A
动名词(或动名词短语)在句中起名词的作用,可用作主语、表语、宾语(动词或介词的宾语)和定语等。
1 u( k: d" S4 x" S& V% e 1.作主语3 L) q* ]' A/ |2 \6 A8 w
e.g.Swimming is never as fast as running./游泳永远不会像跑那么快。# \, |; {' W+ G/ Z4 U/ d5 x
e.g.Talking about it is no use./谈论此事并无用处。
2 W3 v, ?; q$ z' ^8 g2 X2 C 2.作表语
; a9 N2 p5 c- [( @: N! |4 J e.g.Our duty is programming the computer./我们的任务是编计算机程序。
+ a. a+ u7 p) l* C+ N 3.作宾语(动词或介词的宾语)( _$ C3 ?8 W# S# y5 z
e.g.They began studying psychology last week./他们上周开始学习心理学了。
2 [3 j" F& _( |: ` e.g.Would you mind waiting for a moment?/请等一会儿好吗?
R) v3 e+ S6 l$ g9 D! B# i3 U: k 4.作定语. f) t0 i4 ?% G u% i
e.g·These dialogues may be used as listening materials.(=materials for listening)/这些对话可用作听力材料。1 P; P- R5 v$ |+ z" r' q. _) f( |
3.考点:
$ K% u+ \& w0 T( S 动名词在职称英语中往往不是不直接进行考察,而是把动名词结构放在英语的句子中,然后考察考生对句含动名词结构的这个句子的句意的准确了解。所以,考生在复习中主要需要弄清楚动名词在英语句子中的四种语法功能。
% N$ y& l1 e3 U/ X/ G f- x7 D; s/ W 4.与分词的区别:定语/ a% h$ @1 Z1 F
现在分词由原形动词+ing构成,如designing,leaving,stopping等现在分词作定语时,表示正在进行的动作,或经常性的动作,或表示现状。由此可见现在分词与动名词结构在“形”上相似。考生需要能区分现在分词作定语和动名词作定语的情况。) ^$ T8 a! u. ?+ E! b3 U9 ^* V$ h
Give the note to theloudly-speaking(现在分词作定语)man/请把便条交给坐在正在高声说话的人。 _/ b) l) L) s: N t
I,d like t0 buy a washing(动名词作定语)maching.(a machine for washing)/我想要一台洗衣机。
# g8 i3 N/ d2 ^( Y 小结:动名词作定语往往表示所修饰的名词的功能/用语,现在分词作定语强调分词结构中的动作正在进行。
. Q* B' k' w+ }2 E7 B* g 5.常接动名词作宾语的动词:
# a$ w! @- s9 ~, {9 x9 `: u acknowledge,advocate,anticipate,appreciate,advise,avoid,admit,consider,delay,deny,dislike,enioy,escape,excuse,fancy,favor,finish,f10rgive,imagine,include,involve,justify,keep,mind,miss,pardon,practice,postpone,permit,report,resent,resume,risk,resist,suggest,tolerate
8 L% S0 Z( w0 k- k9 u1 ^ 6.动名词的习惯用法:. m C7 H7 f9 {& P0 m
be busy/active doinz sth.2 m: u; Y+ C$ w. Q0 r# _0 ~9 ?7 X" F' n
句型:have difficulty/trouble/problems/struggle(in)doing sth.5 a1 I5 b# {4 l& M) S; ?* z. s7 V
It's no good/use doing sth.6 x( Y4 l9 W% S2 U. l
have a good/hard/difficuh time doing sth.
, F+ V) j) w7 l# B spend/waste time doing sth.There is no point/sense/harm/use/good(in)doing sth.6 v) ~0 S' _7 V3 O' A8 C
cannot help doing sth.There is no use doing sth." g+ n5 J$ t; ~: l" N f8 z- e* h
不定式
9 Q& l. @' C1 ~! p- A+ s 1.单个不定式结构作主语,谓语用单数的形式,但是并列的不定式结构作主语时,谓语应该用复数,如:
* _. i! k0 S0 h/ W8 K T0 go to school(主语)is his dream.上学是他的梦想。
; m# M) T) i6 j* Q- x9 @ To go to school and to stay away from his cruel father(并列主语)ale were what he expected-他期望能去上学,远离他残忍的父亲。 |