非谓语动词* y; v) H& h* a4 a% G+ ~+ A) L
动名词# V: U* X) ~4 N. L& V" N8 h
1.定义:动名词是由动词或动词短语转换而成的名词性结构,其构成的形式是在动词或动词短语的动词后面加上ing
) X1 R5 D; O/ O1 x0 r! M4 l 2.动能:
2 `4 G. M& X) ^3 r3 k 动名词(或动名词短语)在句中起名词的作用,可用作主语、表语、宾语(动词或介词的宾语)和定语等。 W7 m) v9 n7 H# g& T" |
1.作主语# \5 I" p2 a0 Z
e.g.Swimming is never as fast as running./游泳永远不会像跑那么快。
. i7 q1 g) M' A, D6 ?6 ]8 { e.g.Talking about it is no use./谈论此事并无用处。
1 N7 I4 I5 s3 J7 _5 ` 2.作表语; O2 s9 [4 H- `0 \
e.g.Our duty is programming the computer./我们的任务是编计算机程序。
% ^8 V% m8 I' l1 N 3.作宾语(动词或介词的宾语)" [! \( U+ D) e8 U- G
e.g.They began studying psychology last week./他们上周开始学习心理学了。
5 B5 ~- m2 Z+ h/ g e.g.Would you mind waiting for a moment?/请等一会儿好吗?
* b& X/ [, A( A5 ? 4.作定语
- x$ |. j0 a A' R' u+ ?7 o e.g·These dialogues may be used as listening materials.(=materials for listening)/这些对话可用作听力材料。
) t$ O+ q9 B% S# b8 F3 E 3.考点:
! |/ p! A9 K) }) ^) K" A' d E [; R 动名词在职称英语中往往不是不直接进行考察,而是把动名词结构放在英语的句子中,然后考察考生对句含动名词结构的这个句子的句意的准确了解。所以,考生在复习中主要需要弄清楚动名词在英语句子中的四种语法功能。
, Y' M4 r7 L0 |% {+ g 4.与分词的区别:定语
' j" ~0 V) p; U7 t5 D; u 现在分词由原形动词+ing构成,如designing,leaving,stopping等现在分词作定语时,表示正在进行的动作,或经常性的动作,或表示现状。由此可见现在分词与动名词结构在“形”上相似。考生需要能区分现在分词作定语和动名词作定语的情况。0 {( u. ^( f# ^9 F4 |$ \, M
Give the note to theloudly-speaking(现在分词作定语)man/请把便条交给坐在正在高声说话的人。8 g' N" t$ |1 L. a- L
I,d like t0 buy a washing(动名词作定语)maching.(a machine for washing)/我想要一台洗衣机。& u r" i9 l0 {: v R& u% S
小结:动名词作定语往往表示所修饰的名词的功能/用语,现在分词作定语强调分词结构中的动作正在进行。* g. j. U" \1 b) O' V
5.常接动名词作宾语的动词:6 ]% y! Y' M A2 [# t& s
acknowledge,advocate,anticipate,appreciate,advise,avoid,admit,consider,delay,deny,dislike,enioy,escape,excuse,fancy,favor,finish,f10rgive,imagine,include,involve,justify,keep,mind,miss,pardon,practice,postpone,permit,report,resent,resume,risk,resist,suggest,tolerate
, T& y$ s. r& ~# [ 6.动名词的习惯用法:1 K$ M& j+ d& G/ o! h! N& g
be busy/active doinz sth.1 W$ y4 y* B3 X, L& ]3 d
句型:have difficulty/trouble/problems/struggle(in)doing sth.
/ g6 r4 p: p2 L. w& V, ]& v It's no good/use doing sth.
2 R x' M8 t/ \8 f+ l have a good/hard/difficuh time doing sth.
6 G, `1 G7 R, l8 h* @ spend/waste time doing sth.There is no point/sense/harm/use/good(in)doing sth.
1 S+ j; [" Z$ s7 @4 Y0 h/ J* j cannot help doing sth.There is no use doing sth.% W7 G: L8 C- b$ g7 q; s5 @
不定式
3 U# _' k; V2 i! o 1.单个不定式结构作主语,谓语用单数的形式,但是并列的不定式结构作主语时,谓语应该用复数,如:
2 [& a z% u5 o3 }1 O T0 go to school(主语)is his dream.上学是他的梦想。1 y" K; e& j. N) K- O+ |
To go to school and to stay away from his cruel father(并列主语)ale were what he expected-他期望能去上学,远离他残忍的父亲。 |