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[职称英语综合] 考试辅导:2012年职称英语理工类词汇复习资料(11)

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发表于 2012-8-15 23:36:10 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式
  非谓语动词
1 S5 E3 P9 k. a3 K+ ?  动名词  m; n. O9 V5 l: \$ x
  1.定义:动名词是由动词或动词短语转换而成的名词性结构,其构成的形式是在动词或动词短语的动词后面加上ing5 R% V6 |/ r: G! r
  2.动能:3 u  V; @/ J2 S2 u
  动名词(或动名词短语)在句中起名词的作用,可用作主语、表语、宾语(动词或介词的宾语)和定语等。- J: s% O- \* b# s: _
  1.作主语
7 {: {1 e  c0 k* @- a4 s" v  e.g.Swimming is never as fast as running./游泳永远不会像跑那么快。
; @! o1 G& a2 O$ ^. o5 {  `) N  e.g.Talking about it is no use./谈论此事并无用处。
8 |1 ]5 n) j2 E; W  2.作表语
: K% d! U3 ^3 E* {  e.g.Our duty is programming the computer./我们的任务是编计算机程序。
7 y+ V/ Q) [! f0 S) D9 `; Y- O  3.作宾语(动词或介词的宾语)/ H' s  Y* K) E! U- d
  e.g.They began studying psychology last week./他们上周开始学习心理学了。& d$ \* E; M" J7 ^5 O# G6 x& J
  e.g.Would you mind waiting for a moment?/请等一会儿好吗?, Y& I- }8 }) L
  4.作定语
1 _" `6 v% P; @9 h* x" n' Q  e.g·These dialogues may be used as listening materials.(=materials for listening)/这些对话可用作听力材料。1 v' P8 L1 E, _$ \/ K+ r
  3.考点:! k/ x* V* g9 S5 r
  动名词在职称英语中往往不是不直接进行考察,而是把动名词结构放在英语的句子中,然后考察考生对句含动名词结构的这个句子的句意的准确了解。所以,考生在复习中主要需要弄清楚动名词在英语句子中的四种语法功能。8 p/ y" L6 z$ {. l, C# g% h: k1 y
  4.与分词的区别:定语. B& U# U" B' w' T: T
  现在分词由原形动词+ing构成,如designing,leaving,stopping等现在分词作定语时,表示正在进行的动作,或经常性的动作,或表示现状。由此可见现在分词与动名词结构在“形”上相似。考生需要能区分现在分词作定语和动名词作定语的情况。& q' a0 Q3 h3 B
  Give the note to theloudly-speaking(现在分词作定语)man/请把便条交给坐在正在高声说话的人。' h* x3 _6 s3 F$ t0 I
  I,d like t0 buy a washing(动名词作定语)maching.(a machine for washing)/我想要一台洗衣机。
8 q; [" K2 m% S% W5 F, R' F" V  g  小结:动名词作定语往往表示所修饰的名词的功能/用语,现在分词作定语强调分词结构中的动作正在进行。6 O7 M. O% S; X7 ?9 }
  5.常接动名词作宾语的动词:0 c+ e- S. a( _, |$ O
  acknowledge,advocate,anticipate,appreciate,advise,avoid,admit,consider,delay,deny,dislike,enioy,escape,excuse,fancy,favor,finish,f10rgive,imagine,include,involve,justify,keep,mind,miss,pardon,practice,postpone,permit,report,resent,resume,risk,resist,suggest,tolerate
2 p! X+ X! g  w  6.动名词的习惯用法:
/ R8 Z9 R2 ]0 q$ r  be busy/active doinz sth.+ _1 @! f" T5 e6 {6 c
  句型:have difficulty/trouble/problems/struggle(in)doing sth.3 y: Z# }' }. H& y8 K+ ~6 m
  It's no good/use doing sth.
5 d5 `) P# V! v: F' \  have a good/hard/difficuh time doing sth.
5 W1 T5 i$ q' `) G8 {* a. o$ W  spend/waste time doing sth.There is no point/sense/harm/use/good(in)doing sth.5 {4 {2 Y% a$ L  z$ N
  cannot help doing sth.There is no use doing sth.; Z; M; j6 V) {# Y. e6 m$ y/ O0 ?
  不定式
) I1 L$ p! G) o. I# i6 G0 O  1.单个不定式结构作主语,谓语用单数的形式,但是并列的不定式结构作主语时,谓语应该用复数,如:0 S- B! D- [$ r
  T0 go to school(主语)is his dream.上学是他的梦想。9 |( V8 @, U0 O  i
  To go to school and to stay away from his cruel father(并列主语)ale were what he expected-他期望能去上学,远离他残忍的父亲。
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 楼主| 发表于 2012-8-15 23:36:11 | 显示全部楼层

考试辅导:2012年职称英语理工类词汇复习资料(11)

  2.跟在名词后面作定语,如:4 X  C6 w( `+ `/ Z* c9 r
  the ability to operate the machine操作机器的能力the first(second...1ast)people t0 speak第一个(第2个,…最后一个)发育的人
8 ^. C3 k$ y) P  3.跟在be动词的后面作表语,如:2 F, K/ J! a; f4 o$ v
  What 1 want to do is to have a sightseeing(表语)around Be.jing.我想做的是在北京观光旅行。
4 w  ?7 N$ Y) a5 z* h. t  4.跟在及物动词的后面作其宾语
* r5 c$ I, @8 ~2 h" i  I enjoy talking t0 you.(宾语)能和你谈话我真高兴。
1 A6 n) M( J7 g* E0 P  They dont permit smoking(宾语)in the public places.他们不允许在公众场合吸烟。$ ^# I( P) ^4 @4 f5 I
  5.对宾语的性质,特征等进行补充说明,作宾语补足语,如:
9 B* [. R, a' o" v( V" ], P; p) D) E' [  We have persuaded him to accept our proposal.一(宾语补足语)我们已经说服他接受了我们的建议。
/ Q# ^* g& A+ b" M2 J  在使役动词和感官动词的后面常带不to的不定式结构作宾语补足语:
2 `: \8 t; _: _% s  have(let/make/feel/hear/watch/see/observe)sb.do sthhelp sb.do sth.. e! Q% ^. v( K- J3 H2 y( D
  6.作状语。不定式结构在句子中通常充当结果状语和目的状语。如:, G3 I7 X. b) b! E3 V, D
  He spent much time 0n his studies to be a top student.一(目的状语)为了成为班上的优等生,他在学习上花了很多的时间He came there to find his friends had left.(结果状语)他到了那里结果发现他的朋友已经走了。
6 b" D  j: G& X: c4 D& b# l0 ?  7.作为主语补足语,补充说明主语的性质,特征等,如:3 _% Z8 d$ W1 Q: Y. s. s
  He is supposed to come here(主语补足语)tomorrow.他应该明天到这里。* @! |7 {4 c+ b; s. h* c  b# S" W! G
  He is said t0 have great talent for art.(主语补足语)据说他在艺术方面很有才华。* h% l/ l% |* F( Q
  8.常接不定式作宾语的动词:
7 x6 u5 q5 v' `$ s+ |! I  agree,afford,aim,arrange,appear,ask,attempt,choose,claim,decide,desire,determine.expect,fail,guarantee,hope,endeavor,intend,long,mean,manage,offer,,plan,pledge,pretend,promise,proceed,prove,resolve,refuse,request,swear,tend,try,wait,wish1 {7 R- K& ~" z' _) |
  9.不定式的习惯用法:, a0 N& ]/ d9 ]: d- O0 E6 E
  句型:cannot choose but docanl help but
, B/ B2 h- n. s) _5 a! V% U  can d0 nothing but do have no choice/alternative but to do' q5 r3 A' u5 u: [! f3 y, L) D
  might as wellwould rather
$ L/ ]0 z" y- ?2 _4 g  难点解析! M+ c% S6 o5 t/ \
  1.接不定式或动名词在意思上有区别的动词:
! c- [7 N8 v% f$ I/ F  fmean to do想要(做某事)propose to d0打算(做某事)
$ }9 _$ Y5 O  c9 X7 ^7 Y9 P! Z8 ~  mean doing意味(做某事)propose doing建议(做某事); x; ?  w8 D( o* ^; A" c
  fforget to do忘记(要做的事)remember to do记得(要做某事), `) b/ y6 Y4 h
  forget doing忘记(已做的事)remember doing记得(已做过的事)
8 Y, [0 i3 a8 q4 |* v0 |  N  regret to do(对将要做的事)遗憾go on t0 do继而(做另一件事)
0 N- D: x3 A! P  y: d  g6 s7 _  regret doing(对已做过的事)后悔g0 on doing继续(做原来的事)7 N& }) e. t+ Y0 I, t& e
  fstop to do停下来去做另一件事
/ h, y) P3 B; D4 I+ E' L  stop doing停止正在做的事" H9 f3 K' x* S0 U& j
  2.下列动词短语中的to是介词,后面应接动名词或名词:
  k& k; B" r$ }$ f' V+ d  0bject to,resort to,react to,contribute to,look forward to,be accustomed to,be committed to.be ex.
6 }/ q( s) ?) W" T' d  posed to,be subjected t0,be devoted to,be dedicated to,be opposed to,be reconciled to.be contrary to </p>
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