为了突出句子的某个部分,我们可以使用强调句式。
- r/ L5 ^) G, B$ R( T. s 常见的强调句结构是it 引导的句子。( h: {! \" J2 p
It is (was) 被强调部分+ that (who) + 句子其他部分。
8 p8 u# T$ o, n/ T/ H" t 此结构强调的成分仅限于主语,宾语和状语。# J5 Z C6 h, G/ d8 ~& x' o1 o
It is from the sun that we get light and heat.
* v/ t9 ?) i9 Y3 w0 ` It was not until I had read your letter that I understood the true state of affairs.' J' j+ Q3 b3 s
使用此句型时, 应注意以下几点。
) a0 I0 t6 z4 j( Y. F4 p, t (1) 一般情况用It is(was)……that…如:0 I! a: |/ e( T* U3 a& [% k
He read three books in the library yesterday.
" \$ w7 D4 \# l& w& M 我们分别可以强调主语、宾语、地点状语和时间状语。如:. w( n: J6 ~$ e# V" B. n2 h7 I$ i2 D
It was he who(that)read three books in the library yesterday. (强调主语)6 `: w8 v: R: l ?; f3 |
It was three books that he read in the library yesterday. (强调宾语)- S2 v' M0 A* Y0 @- r
It was in the library that he read three books yesterday. (强调时间状语)
8 k& K, u( w1 N (2) 当被强调部分指人时, 可用that, 也可用who; 指物时, 只用that, 如:
; y4 L1 G1 N# p- {5 w It was Tom who(that)I met last week.3 j X* l; p# |. t% `9 F
It is a new boke that his brother wants to buy.
( O( I8 T" M5 |1 \- D (3) 强调状语时, 只用that, 不用when、where. 如:
2 G6 A9 c) ?7 R% i" ^+ _7 t It is at 5 o'clock that the train will arrive." z/ m. T3 `% a& \3 ^% { t
(4) 被强调的部分是主语时, 注意句子的谓语动词和被强调的主语保持一致。如:: a; b9 b, s9 j& L( K0 p) E: c
It is he who is late. It is they that were late.
9 g) {9 b/ o( ?. F4 Z (5) 一般疑问句的强调句为"Is (was) it + that…?"; 特殊疑问句为: "特殊疑问词+ is (was) +that…?"结构。如:0 M6 m& M! w9 U& @
Was it ten years ago that his father died?他的父亲是十年前去世的吗?
b! ^2 }9 t9 C9 W. ~- b% u When is it that you will set off?你到底什么时候出发?
7 _0 f9 b y" Y1 m$ | (6) "not…until…"句型的强调结构为"It is not until…that…"应注意把否定词not转移到until前面。如:
6 v5 |1 x; s' F1 f- N5 A I didn't go home until rain stopped. 直到雨停了我才回家。
# X/ L- m3 e! ?1 j* H9 s) A 强调句为: It was not until rain stopped that I went home.
9 }# t* P3 o5 F2 d0 W8 d I didn't know the news until yesterday. 直到昨天我才知道那个消息。7 f; l+ r+ @" q) {6 z0 j- e
强调句为: It was not until yesterday that I knew the news.; ` g/ H# [/ L# A
原句: My father did the experiment in the lab yesterday evening.
4 L0 j) @% P/ [! ?/ B 强调主语: It was my father who did the experiment in the lab yesterday evening.
$ b: b- [) L7 p& ?+ S1 z 强调宾语: It was the experiment that my father did in the lab yesterday evening.
4 d% N5 A& K, G& U* N* ~1 H 强调时间: It was yesterday evening that my father did the experiment in the lab. (注意不用when)
! \ @: w; U: ^1 _1 ^, ^; \ s$ M' l& M 强调地点: It was in the lab that my father did the experiment yesterday evening.
0 e( x3 E! \% O1 q9 q C.倒装句:(这是我们在阅读文章时常见到的句式。)- k9 x8 t3 f/ s8 p' X% l; n/ g
英语中主语在前谓语在后的语序称为自然语序。由于语法、修辞的需要谓语置于主语之前,称为全部倒装; 助动词、情态动词等移到主语之前而主要动词仍然在主语之后的,称作半倒装。 全部倒装和半倒装的句子统称倒装句。 |