考试辅导：2012年职称英语英语句型语序技巧（7）

会计考友

　　当主句的谓语动词是think, believe, guess, expect, imagine, suppose等时，如果宾语从句是否定结构，通常把主句谓语动词改为否定式，而将宾语从句改为肯定式，这种现象叫做“否定转移”。
  s1 x$ G  r; s　　I don’t think we two have met before.
' ?' v  _# h5 w0 m0 ~　　We don’t believe that he could finish his work in such a short time.
7 S: \4 n5 u) y& g( t* ^　　She doesn’t think it is right for John to come late to school.
" d( z. t. g/ G　　三、表语从句 (The Predicative Clause)：通常置于主句的系动词之后，说明主句主语的情况。
　　My idea is that we should help her do housework every Sunday.
$ N) N/ U+ Z9 `' y9 O　　Is that why you had a few days off?
2 Q, ?! L5 n& X- \　　It is because I have never heard of the story.
' [3 t8 }* @8 B% E  d/ F! G　　四、同位语从句 (The Appositive Clause)：常置于某些名词之后，对其内容作解释或补充说明。如:
( ]* K) D) Y. i# J　　advice, demand, doubt, fact, hope, idea, news, order, problem, promise, question, request, suggestion, truth, wish, word等。
. i1 u* Z( L" O& a0 [　　The news that we won the game is exciting.
　　There is no doubt that he is the best player in their country.
　　同位语从句与定语从句的区别：
! C9 B3 A) }$ \! I+ K　　同位语从句对所修饰词作补充说明，而定语从句对前面名词起限定作用;
　　that在同位语从句中只起引导作用，无词义，无语法成分，而在定语从句中指代所修饰词并在从句中作主语或宾语。
3 \+ \# m2 H6 ^, J( S, Q$ o; `! E　　比较：The idea that one can do the work without thinking is wrong. (同位语从句)
" A% q4 i: l" \1 C: ]' C$ m! h　　The idea that you put forward at the meeting is wrong. (定语从句)
　　c. 状语从句(Adverbial Clause)
* A4 n8 x. S" s  Q' t1 L　　状语从句在复合句中作状语，修饰主句中的谓语动词、副词、形容词或整个句子。根据句子的含义，它可表时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、行为方式、比较、让步等。状语从句通常由一个连词引起，有时由一个起连词作用的词组引起。
　　一.时间状语从句
　　I) when，while和as
0 @0 E9 h5 {0 Z　　He entered the room when (while, as) the meeting was going on.
　　when 通常指一时的动作或状态，可表示从句动作与主句动作同时发生，或先于主句动作;while常用来引导两个同时进行的持续时间较长的动作;as常用来引导两个动作紧接着发生，强调“同一时间”或“一前一后”。
3 R% \, p: n5 Y& c" i　　When I meet the right chance, I will try my best.
　　While the teacher explained the text, the students listened attentively and took notes
　　He sang songs as he was taking a bath.
& D7 ^# x' ~) B) s% P' ^" N( u! D　　As spring warms the earth, all flowers begin to bloom.
　　注：when有时作并列连词意为“正在这时”、“突然”，在句末，不能位于句首。从句的谓语动词常用一般过去时，主句通常用过去进行时、过去完成时或be about to结构等。
　　She was about to leave when Mark arrived so she stayed a little longer.
: s( l, E. }  a　　He had been walking under the trees when an apple fell down.
: F! B& s2 e# F0 ^　　Ⅱ) as soon as, hardly (scarcely, barely) … when… , no sooner …than… 等引导的时间状语从句，意为“ 一… 就 …”
% n: Y- G! x+ H　　Jack had scarcely /hardly seen me when he left the room.
　　The spy had no sooner returned home than he was told to go to another country.
　　那个间谍一踏进国门就奉命要去他国。
! X$ _( i# a3 e: X: A( {+ ^　　注： 在no sooner … than, hardly … when …引导的时间状语从句中，若把no sooner, hardly, scarcely, barely 放在句首，则要用倒装结构。
; Q5 @; C! ]+ O) g# m　　No sooner had he heard the news than he fainted.
2 n$ f6 R. \( }4 h  x! |" Z: v　　Scarcely had he entered the room when the telephone rang.