考试辅导：2012年职称英语英语句型语序技巧（7）

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　　当主句的谓语动词是think, believe, guess, expect, imagine, suppose等时，如果宾语从句是否定结构，通常把主句谓语动词改为否定式，而将宾语从句改为肯定式，这种现象叫做“否定转移”。
# n% M+ G3 K! q% o% Q6 C　　I don’t think we two have met before.
* i0 X6 O6 {3 t" k+ S　　We don’t believe that he could finish his work in such a short time.
1 }( m' r9 w6 L7 j* B1 f　　She doesn’t think it is right for John to come late to school.
　　三、表语从句 (The Predicative Clause)：通常置于主句的系动词之后，说明主句主语的情况。
. b/ S) [- ^+ |  p　　My idea is that we should help her do housework every Sunday.
　　Is that why you had a few days off?
　　It is because I have never heard of the story.
4 r' G4 u8 l  c" K　　四、同位语从句 (The Appositive Clause)：常置于某些名词之后，对其内容作解释或补充说明。如:
9 e! {1 d9 i2 V* ~# T- ]　　advice, demand, doubt, fact, hope, idea, news, order, problem, promise, question, request, suggestion, truth, wish, word等。
4 c$ P' S/ q3 c" v( B+ [　　The news that we won the game is exciting.
# ~. n/ o4 b9 h4 |1 K　　There is no doubt that he is the best player in their country.
　　同位语从句与定语从句的区别：
　　同位语从句对所修饰词作补充说明，而定语从句对前面名词起限定作用;
　　that在同位语从句中只起引导作用，无词义，无语法成分，而在定语从句中指代所修饰词并在从句中作主语或宾语。
! m) c$ `1 y  s6 M　　比较：The idea that one can do the work without thinking is wrong. (同位语从句)
　　The idea that you put forward at the meeting is wrong. (定语从句)
0 p& [+ v; L( n- ]( b2 l7 m　　c. 状语从句(Adverbial Clause)
　　状语从句在复合句中作状语，修饰主句中的谓语动词、副词、形容词或整个句子。根据句子的含义，它可表时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、行为方式、比较、让步等。状语从句通常由一个连词引起，有时由一个起连词作用的词组引起。
  K" l2 A! H( b+ J. ^  b  E　　一.时间状语从句
) z  ~& j/ I& F4 N　　I) when，while和as
　　He entered the room when (while, as) the meeting was going on.
　　when 通常指一时的动作或状态，可表示从句动作与主句动作同时发生，或先于主句动作;while常用来引导两个同时进行的持续时间较长的动作;as常用来引导两个动作紧接着发生，强调“同一时间”或“一前一后”。
2 |& B9 H4 h, h% q7 Z- x9 u　　When I meet the right chance, I will try my best.
　　While the teacher explained the text, the students listened attentively and took notes
" m$ u: v% q1 K* M/ }　　He sang songs as he was taking a bath.
　　As spring warms the earth, all flowers begin to bloom.
& z$ v$ h0 N7 ~" v3 s2 b) J8 w' A! U　　注：when有时作并列连词意为“正在这时”、“突然”，在句末，不能位于句首。从句的谓语动词常用一般过去时，主句通常用过去进行时、过去完成时或be about to结构等。
　　She was about to leave when Mark arrived so she stayed a little longer.
　　He had been walking under the trees when an apple fell down.
- v* S/ S- R4 J+ k3 k5 M4 ^# O& g　　Ⅱ) as soon as, hardly (scarcely, barely) … when… , no sooner …than… 等引导的时间状语从句，意为“ 一… 就 …”
　　Jack had scarcely /hardly seen me when he left the room.
　　The spy had no sooner returned home than he was told to go to another country.
　　那个间谍一踏进国门就奉命要去他国。
% Y& \# X' i9 d& |7 \( Z3 A8 |　　注： 在no sooner … than, hardly … when …引导的时间状语从句中，若把no sooner, hardly, scarcely, barely 放在句首，则要用倒装结构。
/ B0 v6 K5 _" }7 P" a1 \, J　　No sooner had he heard the news than he fainted.
　　Scarcely had he entered the room when the telephone rang.