考试辅导：2012年职称英语英语句型语序技巧（7）

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　　当主句的谓语动词是think, believe, guess, expect, imagine, suppose等时，如果宾语从句是否定结构，通常把主句谓语动词改为否定式，而将宾语从句改为肯定式，这种现象叫做“否定转移”。
  o/ T" Q! u* T- _　　I don’t think we two have met before.
, Z0 X6 W4 n2 L7 ?6 M' z2 D　　We don’t believe that he could finish his work in such a short time.
; j9 E- T$ @$ K5 j　　She doesn’t think it is right for John to come late to school.
　　三、表语从句 (The Predicative Clause)：通常置于主句的系动词之后，说明主句主语的情况。
　　My idea is that we should help her do housework every Sunday.
　　Is that why you had a few days off?
8 J6 e) r6 g; r$ V2 g　　It is because I have never heard of the story.
+ v7 H- c, [& s9 ]　　四、同位语从句 (The Appositive Clause)：常置于某些名词之后，对其内容作解释或补充说明。如:
/ j$ L7 z/ t2 a. [& F　　advice, demand, doubt, fact, hope, idea, news, order, problem, promise, question, request, suggestion, truth, wish, word等。
　　The news that we won the game is exciting.
　　There is no doubt that he is the best player in their country.
% k, N( y" O' b　　同位语从句与定语从句的区别：
9 s% u" Y% J7 r; ^$ y　　同位语从句对所修饰词作补充说明，而定语从句对前面名词起限定作用;
　　that在同位语从句中只起引导作用，无词义，无语法成分，而在定语从句中指代所修饰词并在从句中作主语或宾语。
$ `# ~0 C  X8 G3 q% `) Y0 `　　比较：The idea that one can do the work without thinking is wrong. (同位语从句)
# M" [" R( m- ^8 k6 a1 W9 m  Q5 y　　The idea that you put forward at the meeting is wrong. (定语从句)
+ ?0 d) f% \9 W! x- Q& q, B　　c. 状语从句(Adverbial Clause)
8 _  j# @- H  r　　状语从句在复合句中作状语，修饰主句中的谓语动词、副词、形容词或整个句子。根据句子的含义，它可表时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、行为方式、比较、让步等。状语从句通常由一个连词引起，有时由一个起连词作用的词组引起。
0 p. I- h2 R0 Y, U3 i　　一.时间状语从句
　　I) when，while和as
　　He entered the room when (while, as) the meeting was going on.
　　when 通常指一时的动作或状态，可表示从句动作与主句动作同时发生，或先于主句动作;while常用来引导两个同时进行的持续时间较长的动作;as常用来引导两个动作紧接着发生，强调“同一时间”或“一前一后”。
　　When I meet the right chance, I will try my best.
　　While the teacher explained the text, the students listened attentively and took notes
% k! M; I7 Q6 ~% |0 h. F1 M　　He sang songs as he was taking a bath.
　　As spring warms the earth, all flowers begin to bloom.
　　注：when有时作并列连词意为“正在这时”、“突然”，在句末，不能位于句首。从句的谓语动词常用一般过去时，主句通常用过去进行时、过去完成时或be about to结构等。
　　She was about to leave when Mark arrived so she stayed a little longer.
　　He had been walking under the trees when an apple fell down.
　　Ⅱ) as soon as, hardly (scarcely, barely) … when… , no sooner …than… 等引导的时间状语从句，意为“ 一… 就 …”
　　Jack had scarcely /hardly seen me when he left the room.
! h2 M5 \- |1 L+ K- p$ n; m　　The spy had no sooner returned home than he was told to go to another country.
　　那个间谍一踏进国门就奉命要去他国。
　　注： 在no sooner … than, hardly … when …引导的时间状语从句中，若把no sooner, hardly, scarcely, barely 放在句首，则要用倒装结构。
3 ?- `, t% Q% t& _　　No sooner had he heard the news than he fainted.
　　Scarcely had he entered the room when the telephone rang.