二.原因状语从句0 A: N4 u+ g) m: {4 W
I) because, since,和as引导的原因状语从句, C8 i! E/ J$ X0 ^; u9 p
1. 其中because语气最强,多表示所述理由是本句重点,强调别人未知的事实,故because引导的从句多放在句末,回答why的问句时,只能用because。- O; k8 w1 R- E9 h9 N' ]1 D
在语气上since次之,as最弱。since和as表示的原因,多是已知的既成事实,原因以外的才是叙述的重点,因而两者多用于句首。
/ {& i0 S! d& o% [( g As it is raining, let’s stay indoors.
a/ z7 @8 U8 N Since you have no license, you are not allowed to drive.) r3 Q* o# @0 d) c
用强调句式强调原因状语从句时,只能用because引导。" w# `7 v6 x. s$ j- q
It was because he was careless that he failed." X6 l+ y! B$ H2 Y- Z) Q2 } i& ]
在because引导的从句中,如果主句是否定句,而主句和后面的从句之间没有逗号分开,这时not 修饰的是后面的整个从句。
$ C7 x) J& W* [* [% _ The machine did not stop because the fuel was used up./ \' ^) c: e4 X
机器停了下来,并不是因为燃料用光了。
0 j' j3 k2 ]5 r+ w( w2 P, p" N* p9 f$ R 如果主句和从句间用逗号分开,意思就不同了。$ V4 \# V2 W8 r% [- s6 V
I was not kind to him, because he was rude. 我对他不友好,因为他无礼。
" |2 F ^7 }5 o6 ]- t II) for 和because 的区别
0 q1 ]! X7 E) n& K5 T because 表示因果关系,语气最强;而for引导的是并列句,它只是对前面分句进行解释, 说明推断的理由,并且只能后置。
$ [; v& C2 V. A' M# C2 S3 h+ x3 P It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet this morning.) z) [2 \* M1 n# l. [
(该句不能用because, 因为现在地面湿不是导致昨夜下雨的原因)/ k" K9 ^+ A |0 Q
It is morning, for the birds are singing. 天亮了, 鸟儿在鸣叫。
( Y; h# L( Z9 n+ } (鸟鸣不能引起天亮,所以本句不能用because代替for)
, Q) W! C# O& g 三.结果状语从句
& M; e5 q, k' n/ s, \8 \, u so … that, such … that, so,等引导出结果状语从句
# \& [) u( [+ ` 注:I) 注意so和such后面跟的词。其常见情况为:- a/ Z% S2 r3 p
so + adj. / adv.+ that; he is so clever that everyone likes him./ `" g5 z% l) p4 v; d4 _
such a (an) + adj. + n. + that( =so +adj. +a(an) + n. +that) ` f* h/ p+ f. N* D. {; ?
such + n. (可数名词复数或不可数名词) + that
4 e9 e3 d) K+ V9 [: l Y, f+ B 若名词前的修饰语为many, much, few, little则用so,不用such.
" w# R; x- m {$ q! b# \0 N n There is so much homework to do that I can’t play computer games today.
9 w6 }! L+ m% h- U( d( q8 S/ H* r There is such lot of homework to do that I can’t play computer games today./ z3 F7 L! p! w9 A
四.目的状语从句- X/ E |$ K% y" s# X! S
I) so that, in order that和in case, lest 等引导的目的状语从句
J2 `* V2 c! b so that , in order that 常与may, can, could, might等情态动词连用
* z- r& N- t8 |0 |$ d* e$ p In order that he shouldn’t wake up his wife, he came in quietly.
3 Q4 E9 A( l! I7 g6 \ Ⅱ) in case, lest 引导的目的状语从句多用虚拟语气结构:should + v. 原形,意为“以防”、“以免”。 例如:" [' i, w) D' Y$ f+ H
He ran away lest he (should) be caught.
( _9 ^; _3 l8 x) B! M I hid the book in case she should see it. 我把书藏起来,以防被她看到。 |