五.条件状语从句4 g9 f b1 w2 c- j
条件状语从句可分为真实条件句和if引导的非真实条件句。: P6 i8 i7 E6 A, U
I) if, unless 引导的条件状语从句
) b1 \" G- M; u3 a$ @: @ unless 意义上相当于if…not。 unless一般不用于非真实条件句。
7 `5 Z' c2 v. v: ? I will not lend the book to you unless you can return it in time.
R, T+ X# H, u8 a; B II) only if和if only引导的条件状语从句
8 w5 A9 v/ m. }5 `/ S) u$ B only if意为“只要……”,引导真实条件句,若only if放在句首,后面的主句要用倒装结构。 if only 引导虚拟条件句,也可引导感叹句,意为“但愿……”、“要是……就好了”。: @* t) o* Y7 M* S5 K4 u+ j) _
Only if you study hard will you pass the final-examination." Z% }2 d/ s: ?3 U" {5 f0 C' X8 ^
只要你努力学习,就会通过期末考试。9 l5 i+ T, o% R
If only we had arrived at the airport in time, we could have met him.
3 p5 }& G- r# G3 m0 R4 H% J' g 要是我们按时赶到车站,我们也许就能见到他。
& u8 z# n7 I/ z, l' C8 K. F! @! M0 T If only it would stop raining! 但愿雨能够停下来!+ X# { u$ |' l1 _
六.让步状语从句( s5 J( M# n9 m( V
I) though, although引导的让步状语从句
# b. P9 R( e5 X2 R4 M 这两个词同义,但although语气较重,且多用于句首。though引起的状语从句可用也可不用倒装。8 _/ F k! _- V/ l
Strange though it may seem (Though it may seem strange), he remained single all his life. 他终生未娶,此事似乎令人觉得奇怪。& l: X! N [% t9 `* X
II) even if 和even though (即使) 引导的让步状语从句
- o. O, _' N" B5 m* T! B! g I was persuaded to do the job, even it / even though I didn’t want to.
u0 _5 k1 x+ n 我被说服去做那件工作,即使我并不想做。, \/ J' E8 J: j3 x; e
III) as 引导的让步状语从句: 必须用倒装结构——把从句中的表语、状语或谓语动词放在句首。 作表语的名词前如有不定冠词a (an),再倒装结构中,前面不能再加冠词。; L. ]. z# s' s5 R* X0 c
Much as I admired his courage, I don’t think he acted wisely.
9 @" @/ k v6 [9 S7 i0 t$ W8 o% b 尽管我欣赏他的勇气,但我认为他的行为并不明智。
' x* G& O% b4 A+ H: z IV)while引导的让步状语从句:意义上相当于although,只能放在句首。
) n6 [8 E6 R7 x0 [: U7 N$ U8 h! V While I understand your viewpoint, I don’t agree with you. 虽然……, C# [ { G$ F# @, L
V)“whether …or…”, “wh-词+ ever”结构和“no matter + wh-词”引导的让步状语从句,意为“无论……”。 Whatever后接名词,however后接形容词或副词。+ f! n8 x4 l+ Y( ^. O
Whatever (No matter what) may happen, we will not change our mind.) h N; B+ P. r( t" k
However often you ring, no one will answer. 无论你打多少次电话,都不会有人接。
4 z% D# W6 g3 n) T All matter, whether it is a gas, a liquid or a solid, expands as the temperature rises. |