五.条件状语从句
6 j! ]& c* o1 P 条件状语从句可分为真实条件句和if引导的非真实条件句。/ N, P" u6 f) j- y, u1 c9 c
I) if, unless 引导的条件状语从句$ f! H, ^4 @# t
unless 意义上相当于if…not。 unless一般不用于非真实条件句。" M% f4 s, s$ H& {9 w
I will not lend the book to you unless you can return it in time.4 I. ^" p: t9 j/ o1 s2 p4 W2 A% Q
II) only if和if only引导的条件状语从句) H' O/ L1 ~8 ~" I
only if意为“只要……”,引导真实条件句,若only if放在句首,后面的主句要用倒装结构。 if only 引导虚拟条件句,也可引导感叹句,意为“但愿……”、“要是……就好了”。
% k! l! A) n6 W Only if you study hard will you pass the final-examination.
- p4 ?: X/ r# @8 @% f1 F1 o: g 只要你努力学习,就会通过期末考试。4 @1 L! T9 P. G( }
If only we had arrived at the airport in time, we could have met him.; H" I- ?( b0 w
要是我们按时赶到车站,我们也许就能见到他。
4 \9 u5 I0 N: X If only it would stop raining! 但愿雨能够停下来!
7 n' h! _1 I( t | 六.让步状语从句/ A3 s( I! I4 O2 v' t2 e% _" A
I) though, although引导的让步状语从句
% O6 }7 _0 r( M% w; h( k 这两个词同义,但although语气较重,且多用于句首。though引起的状语从句可用也可不用倒装。
9 b( v% k) T& z, u" n( ? Strange though it may seem (Though it may seem strange), he remained single all his life. 他终生未娶,此事似乎令人觉得奇怪。' ]8 h' `7 e) m- v
II) even if 和even though (即使) 引导的让步状语从句; {6 @" P7 x: D5 d
I was persuaded to do the job, even it / even though I didn’t want to.5 z9 t8 L4 |$ P4 H8 ^- l
我被说服去做那件工作,即使我并不想做。
- s/ _$ D: N3 k III) as 引导的让步状语从句: 必须用倒装结构——把从句中的表语、状语或谓语动词放在句首。 作表语的名词前如有不定冠词a (an),再倒装结构中,前面不能再加冠词。
$ W" t, c) d" v' Z0 } Much as I admired his courage, I don’t think he acted wisely.- s. H0 j, j/ V# R( o
尽管我欣赏他的勇气,但我认为他的行为并不明智。# M6 `. R# _' q, g) T) w/ J
IV)while引导的让步状语从句:意义上相当于although,只能放在句首。
\7 k# \4 X2 d! R While I understand your viewpoint, I don’t agree with you. 虽然……0 Z# }4 }3 o0 s2 O$ w. a
V)“whether …or…”, “wh-词+ ever”结构和“no matter + wh-词”引导的让步状语从句,意为“无论……”。 Whatever后接名词,however后接形容词或副词。3 r3 @# v- T( G
Whatever (No matter what) may happen, we will not change our mind.4 Z+ F( S, U. U1 ?( _
However often you ring, no one will answer. 无论你打多少次电话,都不会有人接。
! E+ Z' V. D. o3 C All matter, whether it is a gas, a liquid or a solid, expands as the temperature rises. |