状语从句指句子用作状语时,起副词作用的句子。它可以修饰谓语、非谓语动词、定语、状语或整个句子。
( E' R. W8 d, G* j! T2 J 根据其作用可分为时间、地点、原因、条件、目的、结果、让步、方式和比较等从句。状语从句一般由连词(从属连词)引导,也可以由词组引起。从句位于句首或句中时通常用逗号与主句隔开,位于句尾时可以不用逗号隔开。) |) B" Z* H0 u; X8 y( s% P
让步状语从句
8 B& _3 r6 |+ Q- t0 w0 k (1)although与though可以引导让步状语从句,不能与but连用,但可以与yet连用。
. e; ]2 Z- K. j L; E# g Although they are poor,(yet)they are warm-hearted.
7 j# [9 S0 S. t, U (2)even if或even though引导让步状语从句,表示“即使”,"“纵然”,用来使人注意下文所强调内容的性质。
8 d- T, j1 P5 E I'll get there even if(though)I have to sell my house to get enough money to go by air.4 Z0 Z$ C% g/ _; t" P# [; {
(3)no matter后接上who、what、where、how等疑问词,也可以在这类疑问词后面加上ever构成whoever、whatever、wherever、however等。
% N2 D: w7 c8 r" ] d- d4 Z Don't trust him, no matter what / whatever he says.
- y1 R: [( O+ \' z$ [8 F! v Whoever breaks the law will be published. k! r$ U/ g6 J# k, v
No matter how hard the work is, you'd better try to do it well.
& E, D; u6 z8 Y- H (4)as也可以引导让步状语从句,要用倒装。
2 t4 U3 ], g/ }/ t& a Child as(though)he is, he knows a lot.
% F6 R/ p+ }, D7 n" a& E5 U: a Much as I like it, I won't buy.
0 S, G" h$ U8 o0 M' e z5 g Try as he would, he couldn't lift the heavy box.
0 ?( b# e* b% L& d0 X8 k 时间状语从句1 U% W! U7 @. X
(1)as、when、while
! J R* s$ `# d5 a2 n as表示“当……的时候”,往往和when/while通用,但它着重强调主句与从句的动作或事情同时或几乎同时发生。
5 @5 R( q/ l: q0 s' R8 P8 i7 R" l She came up as I was cooking.(同时)
Q6 o1 F& L3 H The runners started as the gun went off.(几乎同时)
( }3 G# W4 u% ?6 ^1 w' Z when:(at or during the time that)既可以表示在某一点的时候,又可表示在某一段时间内,主句与从句的动作或事情可以同时发生也可以先后发生。7 w/ @ A4 \7 G/ B& Q4 I. I
It was raining when we arrived.(指时间点). g$ \# _" Q4 ?2 y7 o* H
When we were at school, we went to the library every day.(在一段时间内)
$ c5 N) {, y" c" Q while意思是“当……的时候”或“在某一段时间里”。主句中的动作或事情在从句中的动作或事情的进展过程中发生,从句中的动词一般要用延续性动词。在when表示a period of time时,两者可以互换。
2 `$ Z. @9 b0 }/ j+ E4 R/ ?! z$ H Please don't talk so loud while others are working.' n# A( B# i1 o( q* { e' j
He fell asleep while/when reading. Strike while the iron is hot.(用as或when不可,这里的while意思是“趁……”)7 [2 _ w' M2 O+ T& {4 D
(2)引导时间状语从句的连接词除上述外还有:
5 W. Y) v3 R% T$ W4 ]7 Q: E ①till、not…until…、until、before、since8 O7 b: R, ^0 n# j
Don't get off the bus until it has stopped.5 [* f; Q# L, C8 d8 U2 m
He waited for his father until(till)it was twelve o'clock.
8 h i) c7 p1 ] It will be five years before he returns from England. |