状语从句指句子用作状语时,起副词作用的句子。它可以修饰谓语、非谓语动词、定语、状语或整个句子。# X7 ]3 O8 y1 d5 T
根据其作用可分为时间、地点、原因、条件、目的、结果、让步、方式和比较等从句。状语从句一般由连词(从属连词)引导,也可以由词组引起。从句位于句首或句中时通常用逗号与主句隔开,位于句尾时可以不用逗号隔开。
, C6 J2 b$ K/ L. w0 ~, n 让步状语从句
* I+ f$ C9 V9 L6 Z; t# @ (1)although与though可以引导让步状语从句,不能与but连用,但可以与yet连用。) y7 q, Z0 k2 o( F
Although they are poor,(yet)they are warm-hearted.$ I4 t s6 W/ Z/ o+ N0 g
(2)even if或even though引导让步状语从句,表示“即使”,"“纵然”,用来使人注意下文所强调内容的性质。
( j" c, O, y% H% Y* X# [ I'll get there even if(though)I have to sell my house to get enough money to go by air.
]4 E& N& V3 Q5 P1 C (3)no matter后接上who、what、where、how等疑问词,也可以在这类疑问词后面加上ever构成whoever、whatever、wherever、however等。1 {0 e5 k) F7 Y. R8 X, W9 W
Don't trust him, no matter what / whatever he says.
" ^% O) D% f5 A( Y Whoever breaks the law will be published.: T. i/ Z8 a/ p% [% r
No matter how hard the work is, you'd better try to do it well.
! h9 a! k6 ]+ L' y7 V4 d) n (4)as也可以引导让步状语从句,要用倒装。3 F7 E% ~9 R, s7 _4 Y& o
Child as(though)he is, he knows a lot.
" L5 ]% K. k% D9 \( t6 V: ]0 { Much as I like it, I won't buy.! ?: Q$ J P! K2 E1 _
Try as he would, he couldn't lift the heavy box.
) b2 `' E4 P: G6 O: q 时间状语从句
4 Y a( X# J; j) n (1)as、when、while
5 B2 H& k5 s* q% X' m% b0 {8 W as表示“当……的时候”,往往和when/while通用,但它着重强调主句与从句的动作或事情同时或几乎同时发生。 R( \/ x+ N# ^' B d
She came up as I was cooking.(同时)
' w3 @3 ~5 H: b' s5 x% \) q The runners started as the gun went off.(几乎同时)
: E& K1 \, ?3 A3 _: {0 u* } when:(at or during the time that)既可以表示在某一点的时候,又可表示在某一段时间内,主句与从句的动作或事情可以同时发生也可以先后发生。
' _, R* {( Z/ P/ S! y! d It was raining when we arrived.(指时间点)
' v! _( F9 i2 w+ C) R. n0 T When we were at school, we went to the library every day.(在一段时间内): j/ I) ^9 i9 m9 s6 \
while意思是“当……的时候”或“在某一段时间里”。主句中的动作或事情在从句中的动作或事情的进展过程中发生,从句中的动词一般要用延续性动词。在when表示a period of time时,两者可以互换。
" G8 h S7 F, m: [ Please don't talk so loud while others are working.
$ {* R( b* d3 e4 `# ]* y He fell asleep while/when reading. Strike while the iron is hot.(用as或when不可,这里的while意思是“趁……”)2 P+ H& L2 y- W1 C* Q
(2)引导时间状语从句的连接词除上述外还有:$ Y8 L$ a/ s5 [, q6 U8 B' x9 C' z
①till、not…until…、until、before、since6 ~8 N& r1 \; T6 x8 P2 ]/ u
Don't get off the bus until it has stopped.
5 v4 f+ c9 ]1 j; R; b% y/ I He waited for his father until(till)it was twelve o'clock.0 O E7 L/ {( J. J' `& H8 |
It will be five years before he returns from England. |