2012年职称英语考试重点语法解析

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　　状语从句指句子用作状语时，起副词作用的句子。它可以修饰谓语、非谓语动词、定语、状语或整个句子。
　　根据其作用可分为时间、地点、原因、条件、目的、结果、让步、方式和比较等从句。状语从句一般由连词（从属连词）引导，也可以由词组引起。从句位于句首或句中时通常用逗号与主句隔开，位于句尾时可以不用逗号隔开。
　　让步状语从句
* N/ q: H( \( ]: Y　　(1)although与though可以引导让步状语从句，不能与but连用，但可以与yet连用。
　　Although they are poor,(yet)they are warm-hearted.
5 W, G' F/ I( K　　(2)even if或even though引导让步状语从句，表示“即使”，"“纵然”，用来使人注意下文所强调内容的性质。
1 |" g$ }& c6 v1 f　　I'll get there even if(though)I have to sell my house to get enough money to go by air.
* t# |0 a. e0 |: ~! E$ z  Z　　(3)no matter后接上who、what、where、how等疑问词，也可以在这类疑问词后面加上ever构成whoever、whatever、wherever、however等。
　　Don't trust him, no matter what / whatever he says.
　　Whoever breaks the law will be published.
3 m9 {, a+ e/ d) {　　No matter how hard the work is, you'd better try to do it well.
3 t6 N5 X% g' s# L" Z( T4 m: N" p% x　　(4)as也可以引导让步状语从句，要用倒装。
" T( t. T5 V/ ?7 k, S9 I7 i+ t( P( ^9 o　　Child as(though)he is, he knows a lot.
　　Much as I like it, I won't buy.
0 ^0 t% k, O! Y　　Try as he would, he couldn't lift the heavy box.
　　时间状语从句
( |& }4 A) k/ ?: [/ v8 e* H+ \1 [　　(1)as、when、while
　　as表示“当……的时候”，往往和when/while通用，但它着重强调主句与从句的动作或事情同时或几乎同时发生。
　　She came up as I was cooking.（同时）
　　The runners started as the gun went off.（几乎同时）
　　when：（at or during the time that）既可以表示在某一点的时候，又可表示在某一段时间内，主句与从句的动作或事情可以同时发生也可以先后发生。
　　It was raining when we arrived.（指时间点）
　　When we were at school, we went to the library every day.（在一段时间内）
　　while意思是“当……的时候”或“在某一段时间里”。主句中的动作或事情在从句中的动作或事情的进展过程中发生，从句中的动词一般要用延续性动词。在when表示a period of time时，两者可以互换。
　　Please don't talk so loud while others are working.
) N6 A% d3 f8 p/ d2 ]2 x　　He fell asleep while/when reading. Strike while the iron is hot.（用as或when不可，这里的while意思是“趁……”）
　　(2)引导时间状语从句的连接词除上述外还有：
& p) _; W1 J7 p" s% V! T$ D8 D　　①till、not…until…、until、before、since
　　Don't get off the bus until it has stopped.
( \* y8 i4 P$ o　　He waited for his father until(till)it was twelve o'clock.
　　It will be five years before he returns from England.