时态的构成规律 0 h( F/ u6 B; T% R6 ~" M
英语通过对动词形式的变化来构成不同的时态和语态。主要是使用be和have作为标识,其构成是有规律的。Be的作用是用来构成进行时和被动语态。Have 用来构成完成时。两者合起来与动词可构成完成时的被动语态完成进行时。看例句(以work, follow为例):
5 c" ~$ ~$ N" ?$ Z9 k/ v% U 1)be:
+ r5 m) i# H. Q5 h+ s& |5 G They are working.(现在进行)
) G% Z! n5 i) H They were working.(过去进行) ' x0 t6 L/ u: H" l1 C
They will be working.(将来进行) 来自www.Examw.com
) Z, z3 [' T; j They are followed. (现在的被动) ' g4 V" | K5 A) P4 W- o( K1 \& K
They are being followed.(现在进行的被动) 1 p1 K8 d/ x0 F
They were being followed.(过去进行的被动) . s) M1 i' Q2 f1 {
They will be being followed.(将来进行的被动)
5 ~2 R# l5 \1 ^; i9 D: |+ h7 q3 Z3 Z 2) have
9 Y7 H3 L n8 w& A They have worked.(现在完成) 2 c9 T0 o* r4 V4 {
They had worked.(过去完成)
3 L, a$ ?: [0 I9 H They will have work.(将来完成) 3 \0 a( y3 k1 {! \- F* z
3) have + be:
; J/ G; F; @' A& U They have been working.(现在完成进行)
$ P8 ^3 z9 E l7 m& {1 K They had been working. (过去完成进行)
5 \# o2 w: T- c. ]& v( [8 e They will have been working.(将来完成进行) ' G+ v6 @$ {! K
The work has been done. (现在完成被动) ; D* v( s' O/ [' E. n9 Z5 S4 g
The work had been done. (过去完成被动) . t+ g8 ~9 R' V$ \9 v
The work will have been done. (将来完成被动) , k" x) l. f* \. _3 b9 O" S
The work has been being done. (现在完成进行的被动) 7 A% [- _! Y" H. ]: f% e7 p
The work had been being done (过去完成进行的被动) |