2013年职称英语综合类重点语法解析(17)
U7 Y' F+ d" ?4 Z第五句型:主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语
: R4 {6 W* C4 ?5 a: V: B 先回顾一下本讲第一节中有关宾语和宾语补足语的概念。 . x) E& J7 h \, x7 Q0 R
这个句型也是考试的重点,主要有三个难点: / q `# H+ ?! ~1 {9 Q- Q: e" k
1) 要不要 "to"的问题: s' o2 ^- Z7 [; F J5 ~
The director wants you to come right now. (主任要你马上就来。) " |$ {( g0 ?- N+ J$ u2 u, ]7 y
句中to come 是宾语you的补足语。也就是说,当宾语补足语是动词时,一般要用 "to"连接。但是,以下情况例外: . t( I2 Y! \1 _
make, let, have等使役动词,如: $ I9 h; _' T% q4 T9 x$ _5 C* y# A
Shall I have him come here?(要我叫他来吗?)
$ ^- [: V9 ~( p" {( L) c1 a4 U, r I won’t have him cheat me. (否定式,表示"容许":我决不容许他欺骗我) 中华考试网(www.Examw。com)
7 p$ @' r! l" ~$ `1 m 上述句型变为被动语态时,一般要加 "to",如:
1 ~& w o' Y6 m3 s, p2 G The nurse made the patient eat something. (护士让病人吃了点东西。) : g \6 \" Z$ u
→The patient was made to eat something. ! J8 E0 b$ O0 m- o2 m
有时,宾语补足语也可用 -ing形式,如:
' d1 ]) b, W2 l/ @7 T His joke made us laughing for a couple of minutes. (他的笑话使我们笑了几分钟。- 注意后面的时间状语for a couple of minutes) , n2 y* I2 J7 t) }& w* d1 J! r
记住下面重要表达方式: 9 o; |# O) o; u: \5 }0 E* i
to have / get (something) done, 如:
% f0 r6 \% ~5 F' t; Y# C I am going to have (get) my watch repaired.(我去修一下表。)
# v- F) F1 O1 S E" l n see, hear, notice, observe, watch, look at, listen to 等感觉动词:
: _6 g8 H+ |7 r$ K, j" g0 P 使用原则与上述大致相同。
2 I( k3 R- x$ \) Q6 x, l9 y# o 2) 要不要 "it"的问题:
~! s6 K |+ _# i 先看两个句子:
( L* d5 I6 W6 Q* AWe sometimes find it difficult to get rid of a bad habit. (有时我们发现要改掉一个坏习惯很难。)该句的原始结构可理解为:We sometimes find (to get rid of a bad habit) difficult. 括号部分(动词不定式)为宾语,difficult为宾语补足语 + H" q: E# j8 H
The doctor has made it clear to you that there is nothing wrong with your stomach.(医生已经跟你说得很清楚了,你的胃没有什么问题。)该句的原始结构可理解为:The doctor has made (there is nothing wrong with your stomach)clear. 括号部分(句子)为宾语,clear为宾语补足语。 |