2013年职称英语综合类重点语法解析(17)
% ^& N" Y, x! [; J! D第五句型:主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语
2 _' t+ _% |! C; {7 [ 先回顾一下本讲第一节中有关宾语和宾语补足语的概念。 $ T: ` E3 ]! O# m# @0 x
这个句型也是考试的重点,主要有三个难点:
7 a/ T! Q' G7 B2 m6 ~$ X 1) 要不要 "to"的问题:
6 W2 O8 N6 l# C* W The director wants you to come right now. (主任要你马上就来。) ' @7 X4 c% [- O3 s/ Z& ]
句中to come 是宾语you的补足语。也就是说,当宾语补足语是动词时,一般要用 "to"连接。但是,以下情况例外:
% u& \- W/ M3 ?. g( { make, let, have等使役动词,如:
" N9 O7 d6 d, F4 x Shall I have him come here?(要我叫他来吗?)
. ]7 }0 u7 ?/ H2 V1 B2 [ I won’t have him cheat me. (否定式,表示"容许":我决不容许他欺骗我) 中华考试网(www.Examw。com)( c* W$ L: y; U$ q5 h6 H2 ]2 t
上述句型变为被动语态时,一般要加 "to",如: $ `3 m" L. k" A9 V: {+ i, B
The nurse made the patient eat something. (护士让病人吃了点东西。)
' v. t7 _2 ?7 G8 I5 P0 _+ X →The patient was made to eat something.
8 e% p& F, d4 A 有时,宾语补足语也可用 -ing形式,如: 1 }' x$ ?2 a! X: B+ k& S
His joke made us laughing for a couple of minutes. (他的笑话使我们笑了几分钟。- 注意后面的时间状语for a couple of minutes)
% j5 g3 f" z; H% O 记住下面重要表达方式:
% {; J w3 w+ F+ Z% J to have / get (something) done, 如: 0 j& \( a# o3 c. ?# A
I am going to have (get) my watch repaired.(我去修一下表。)
# l- q& l( b8 j: U/ A a n see, hear, notice, observe, watch, look at, listen to 等感觉动词: + ]9 h$ Z- j4 {: T+ w5 F
使用原则与上述大致相同。 / P* w" v' S* u$ t c% _! ]
2) 要不要 "it"的问题:
$ o% m) r) m; [' A2 a 先看两个句子: / {. G; o& A- {( U* r
We sometimes find it difficult to get rid of a bad habit. (有时我们发现要改掉一个坏习惯很难。)该句的原始结构可理解为:We sometimes find (to get rid of a bad habit) difficult. 括号部分(动词不定式)为宾语,difficult为宾语补足语 + `" ^/ D2 K$ J9 P
The doctor has made it clear to you that there is nothing wrong with your stomach.(医生已经跟你说得很清楚了,你的胃没有什么问题。)该句的原始结构可理解为:The doctor has made (there is nothing wrong with your stomach)clear. 括号部分(句子)为宾语,clear为宾语补足语。 |