2013年职称英语综合类重点语法解析(17)
% B% r) @/ z, D7 h7 Y0 b第五句型:主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语
4 w* n3 m4 w- G) W! X) v& W& [4 @ 先回顾一下本讲第一节中有关宾语和宾语补足语的概念。
" F' D% a& m/ E' L' V4 `5 {0 T, t 这个句型也是考试的重点,主要有三个难点: & ?6 O8 V/ `4 [3 p1 w' O9 m7 p' N! u( N" J
1) 要不要 "to"的问题: ( s9 E2 D8 T% t% _: m' [
The director wants you to come right now. (主任要你马上就来。) 9 k9 `7 D u* Y% z$ y. ^# `
句中to come 是宾语you的补足语。也就是说,当宾语补足语是动词时,一般要用 "to"连接。但是,以下情况例外: % @, E% |* o6 X3 c
make, let, have等使役动词,如:
, O. w# x' p+ L0 s( \( `! G Shall I have him come here?(要我叫他来吗?) R, K2 b* k- w# c
I won’t have him cheat me. (否定式,表示"容许":我决不容许他欺骗我) 中华考试网(www.Examw。com)+ q+ g! L! |( |. R2 i3 T
上述句型变为被动语态时,一般要加 "to",如: 6 N8 r+ G. [" y/ [5 m' h
The nurse made the patient eat something. (护士让病人吃了点东西。)
% @6 V i4 D0 N. T- v1 K →The patient was made to eat something.
. \0 g+ h& D% W' m: @+ c 有时,宾语补足语也可用 -ing形式,如:
; W) T' P/ j. H/ |, y- V- x His joke made us laughing for a couple of minutes. (他的笑话使我们笑了几分钟。- 注意后面的时间状语for a couple of minutes) * v9 Y- t* |; m( x1 A) v$ |
记住下面重要表达方式:
5 ~3 O' r; W8 @7 j' j/ B$ C$ A to have / get (something) done, 如: & t) I; `# e0 e2 W" @+ `
I am going to have (get) my watch repaired.(我去修一下表。) ( r7 v j' g8 P( |9 O$ q3 @- L: P
n see, hear, notice, observe, watch, look at, listen to 等感觉动词: ' {5 C0 r# x0 R6 Z' j! E/ B
使用原则与上述大致相同。
+ i: M7 R& S/ v' a2 t: I 2) 要不要 "it"的问题: 5 v! v V. B) _3 ~ U+ }# Q
先看两个句子: ' i1 k. t1 {9 P1 i
We sometimes find it difficult to get rid of a bad habit. (有时我们发现要改掉一个坏习惯很难。)该句的原始结构可理解为:We sometimes find (to get rid of a bad habit) difficult. 括号部分(动词不定式)为宾语,difficult为宾语补足语
0 V7 r0 s4 B/ w( b1 j The doctor has made it clear to you that there is nothing wrong with your stomach.(医生已经跟你说得很清楚了,你的胃没有什么问题。)该句的原始结构可理解为:The doctor has made (there is nothing wrong with your stomach)clear. 括号部分(句子)为宾语,clear为宾语补足语。 |