2013年职称英语考试语法指导:完成时态2; {3 ~2 q8 \7 ^) f
II 未完成用法。表示过去已经开始,持续到现在,而且还能继续下去的动作或状态。往往和表示一段时间的状语连用。如today,this week(month),lately,recently,these days,in the past few days,during the last two weeks. since,since yesterday,since 2 days ago,since 1991,for a longtime,for a month,so far,up to now,till(until) now等。
/ I2 @, n H v/ \5 _" b4 e. a0 b He has lived here for 30 years. 他住在这儿三十年了。(现在还住在这儿) 6 t2 m6 o7 A# _2 \. d' }
They've known each other since childhood. 他们从小彼此相识。(现在还继续往来) 4 r& n0 ^8 `3 V
How long have you studied English? 你学英语多久了?(现在仍在学)
$ s0 E; z7 ^; l- |* i3 S) v8 X III 经验性用法。表示从过去到现在之间曾经经历过的事情。一般译为汉语“过”,常和often,never,ever,once,twice,three times,before,since等连用。 ; x$ X: p8 q( M
I have been to the Summer Palace twice. 我曾经去过颐和园两次。 + D% }) ^; _% r% S
We have visited your school before. 我以前曾去过你们学校。
8 G6 z* [ I" l4 z8 D5 |( m (过去的经历,但现在依然记得)
) \& R a% \! V( h 3 现在完成时的时间状语 * S; c/ i S6 V a
I 现在完成时属于现在时范围,故不能和过去的时间状语连用。如:yesterday,last Sunday,in1990,three years ago等。但是,在强调动作产生的后果和影响时,可以和一些表示不确定的时间状语连用。 : a# C+ u1 x: F- j' S/ `9 ?2 g6 e, _! k
a. 用副词already和yet。already一般用于肯定句中,yet一般用于否定句和 疑问句中。如:We have already finished our homework.我们已完成作业了。 # U; z. D, I5 c5 K$ N6 h# D- b
They haven't finished their homework yet.他们还没有完成作业。
' E4 W- @' B, {8 c b. 用ever 和never。多用于否定或疑问句中,表示“曾经”或“从未“等。 如: ! \6 [4 P6 T! ?( n/ w9 J
-Have you ever been to the Great Wall?你曾经去过长城吗
Y$ z* w5 G1 E5 O- Z -I have never been to the Great Wall.我从未去过长城。 www.Examw.com
: [# C" l Z- c. C4 p c. 用表示到说话为止的过去时间状语,如just,before,up to now,the past few years等。例如:I have seen her before,but I can not remember where. 我以前见过她,但记不起在哪里见过。
* D) q/ J* D+ v1 A, l$ F He has been there three times the last few days. 近几年他去过那里三次了。
6 f. R$ \; r* k; ?8 ~) G6 d+ G d. 用包括“现在”在内的时间状语,如:now,today,this morning(month,year,term)等。例如:-Have you met him today?-No,I haven't. 今天你见过他吗?我 没有。 # }; V% D4 O) Y7 r0 U
How many times have you been there this year? 今年你去过那里多少次? |