2013年职称英语考试语法指导:完成时态2
9 q3 j, x* W# Q7 K' n6 L II 未完成用法。表示过去已经开始,持续到现在,而且还能继续下去的动作或状态。往往和表示一段时间的状语连用。如today,this week(month),lately,recently,these days,in the past few days,during the last two weeks. since,since yesterday,since 2 days ago,since 1991,for a longtime,for a month,so far,up to now,till(until) now等。 / N: e! c) ?# F3 N
He has lived here for 30 years. 他住在这儿三十年了。(现在还住在这儿) ; T6 L; b) c+ }0 k3 ]8 L& l
They've known each other since childhood. 他们从小彼此相识。(现在还继续往来) & v) | \8 N# ^
How long have you studied English? 你学英语多久了?(现在仍在学) 6 J4 X1 e t4 ^+ Z( r! _3 A2 C
III 经验性用法。表示从过去到现在之间曾经经历过的事情。一般译为汉语“过”,常和often,never,ever,once,twice,three times,before,since等连用。
! F9 b, \# S' U" K# t z5 k I have been to the Summer Palace twice. 我曾经去过颐和园两次。
( [0 m7 ^! t4 l3 o5 Y* o We have visited your school before. 我以前曾去过你们学校。
4 }+ x1 \9 q" P: V L3 ^+ A (过去的经历,但现在依然记得)
: l( x% y; S9 K0 h; q8 g3 ?( E' ? 3 现在完成时的时间状语
9 ?, w0 j: V0 \8 n# p# d I 现在完成时属于现在时范围,故不能和过去的时间状语连用。如:yesterday,last Sunday,in1990,three years ago等。但是,在强调动作产生的后果和影响时,可以和一些表示不确定的时间状语连用。 $ \& ]2 o7 K# L' d9 ^* ~
a. 用副词already和yet。already一般用于肯定句中,yet一般用于否定句和 疑问句中。如:We have already finished our homework.我们已完成作业了。 - r: k, s1 M& o+ M
They haven't finished their homework yet.他们还没有完成作业。
2 r; J$ U0 s6 x4 Q b. 用ever 和never。多用于否定或疑问句中,表示“曾经”或“从未“等。 如:
% M' X, @+ Q/ j1 u -Have you ever been to the Great Wall?你曾经去过长城吗
7 A, H9 ]" Y6 s -I have never been to the Great Wall.我从未去过长城。 www.Examw.com
# F3 f/ i- {, O3 ^- A c. 用表示到说话为止的过去时间状语,如just,before,up to now,the past few years等。例如:I have seen her before,but I can not remember where. 我以前见过她,但记不起在哪里见过。
3 L \8 [& J6 }- \+ j! q; w1 ?6 ~ He has been there three times the last few days. 近几年他去过那里三次了。 ) X) S6 g% G$ t6 K7 I' {
d. 用包括“现在”在内的时间状语,如:now,today,this morning(month,year,term)等。例如:-Have you met him today?-No,I haven't. 今天你见过他吗?我 没有。 ; v( ]: x4 c* w* s8 ]
How many times have you been there this year? 今年你去过那里多少次? |