答案与解析:9 @; [; P; t( I- I
1. 分析文章主题:the placebo(安慰剂) effect(影响, 作用,结果,实现)) y. k8 \( I4 {
+ i" B/ B: n- L2 `文章主题词:placebo, effect
' g/ G0 Z2 w, Y7 Y4 M% ~7 i 0 k! g& Q% m. ^2 F
2. 直接解题:
+ W" h8 W2 {2 b) F# SPlacebo(安慰剂) is a Latin(拉丁文的, 拉丁文) word(单词, 话语, 消息). It means(意味着) “I shall please(喜欢, 愿意, 使高兴)”. And sometimes(有时候) it just(仅仅, 公正的, 正确的) might(可能)(mean “I shall please” ). 9 ]% [+ \: F8 ~+ ]
+ d; ~: `- V; E3 i/ P0 u- l1. A. in B. to C. into D. for 1 ^1 U/ C1 }" i8 w1 ?
When scientists(科学家) want to test(测试) a new drug, they usually(通常) divide (分, 划分)a large number of (许多)people __1__ two groups(组, 群).
3 j* @' `, Q# q$ R/ O3 O1. C. divide...into.../把...分成...! U! j' m/ O A) |* f
, {7 T1 A. {* `0 j4 r. x- J& i7 U n
2. A. named(命名, 指定, 名字)B. called(呼叫, 命名, 打电话, 喊声, 打电话) C. referred(谈及,查阅) D. known (知道,知名的)
7 c: h) b- R/ A- c/ fOne group takes the medicine(吃药), the other(另一组) takes a substance(物质) __2__ as a placebo(安慰剂). 3 N) L1 `* K6 Q6 b5 }
2.D.known as.../被称为...1 F \6 c' _' D _
name/call A B / 称A为B
& O8 |4 m5 x) I8 P, qe.g. We call/name him Tom. 我们叫他Tom.
" ?, j9 c* J. w7 f; |) F' Nrefer to A as B 把A称为B \( H2 L* W5 Z9 L0 }) R
e.g. He referred to his sister(姐,妹) as a stupid(愚蠢的) girl(女孩).
2 Q' a0 {/ {) m! ?& v补充:4 E' H' u8 a, @+ P* A! W/ O
take/use drugs/吸毒$ z3 F9 m" N$ p f
1 n5 c5 P; W; x0 D8 g
It may contain(包含) nothing more than (仅仅)sugar(糖). The people do not know(知道) which(哪个/哪种) pill(药丸) they are taking(服用), the active(起作用的, 积极的) one (pill) or the inactive (不起作用的, 不活跃的)one. % W+ F9 P" [1 f r' X0 ^1 @1 Y; ~
* k9 K" I. h, J$ `# ?* ^+ K3. A. better (更好地) B. worse (更糟糕地)
* W. q; X0 K2 j* r% n7 j' `' jC. more weakly(虚弱地, 软弱地) D. more slowly(缓慢地) : [$ z, _' X6 d# ~
In this kind of (这种)experiment(试验), the medicine must perform(表现,表演, 执行) __3__ than the placebo(安慰剂) to prove (证明)it is effective(有效的, 给人留下深刻印象的).
5 J& k' |; I0 j. m3.A. 该句说“在这种试验中,药物应该比安慰剂表现得更...,以证明自己是有效的”, 因此判断A(更好地)是答案。
4 y5 R# C. W3 p8 N1 U ( x1 v# \+ j6 T; r( }
Yet(然而,更), people who take a placebo, sometimes(有时) experience(经历,体验到) improvements(改进, 进步) in their health(健康). 6 E+ o5 K) v/ Q" Q5 b8 B/ s
4 x+ Q' Y$ j, Z/ w9 ~0 b& U2 `
4. A. which B. that C. what D. whatever2 Q5 r: W9 }+ S9 z
This is known as (被称为)“the placebo effect”—the effect(效果,作用) of something __4__ is not supposed to (应该)have any effect.5 K9 j q2 x& |0 w
4.B. 空格所在的从句为定语从句。现行词为不定代词(something, some, any, anything, all, little, etc)时引导定语从句的连接词只能为that.( m5 r2 o8 z% m9 e3 I
1 y9 C* R' B( \. C4 `, c( iSome doctors even(甚至) use(使用) the placebo effect (安慰剂效应)in(在...的过程中) their treatments(治疗). They might tell(告诉) patients(病人) that a new drug will stop their pain(止痛).
* @' C4 Y w7 |5 i9 w补充:
J. [9 b1 U, E$ R1 H3 _relieve/ease pains/缓解疼痛1 N2 ~6 X5 H A' U% n8 E; M
sharp pains/剧烈的疼痛$ t" F! a; P8 `
. Y/ n2 o7 t* K/ V: ^( F0 c
5. A. active (能起作用的) B. inactive
, ?( _9 ~! K: \5 B. YC. effective (有效的) D. helpful(有帮助的,有益的)6 I: m8 v9 ?" B/ ^- T
The patient(病人) does not know(知道) that the pills(药丸) are __5__.
: a; L' H- }4 U5. B. 如果空格处的词义为“起作用的”, 则C和D也能出现在空格中, 因此这三个选项彼此排除掉, 答案只能为B(不起作用的)。) J+ k# c5 l9 _0 A& r' B0 h
9 j+ ? u' A& y# E! G0 o$ P# r9 T6. A. gets(获得,变得, 受到(惩罚), 染上(疾病)) B.buys(购买) C. takes (拿走, 占领, 获得) D. brings(带来, 产生,引起)! E, A T+ X% u' X
The patient(病人) __6__ the pills and later(随后,以后, 以后的) tells the doctor(医生) that the pain is gone(离去的,死去的). 6 j- {" f* j7 ]0 h; @0 `' }: q
6. C。 根据上文内容和空格处的搭配(...the pills)判断C(服用)是答案。 |