The American Financial System (1)
g+ v( j: y7 c) W" ~2 U8 z0 |( S# i 美国金融制度(一)
1 F' O' ^3 Y4 s% d2 Y+ G Situation 6
; U5 c* c1 A& ^ |5 L' X$ U 情景 6
1 q" |$ Y9 c$ U" m* m$ w Iwao Tanaka ,making his first business trip to the United States,is talking to an American banker about the financial and monetary system of the U.S. ' }- Q; f+ A) E/ r2 v9 q
田中岩夫第一次因公出差工到美国,他正在与美国的一位银行家谈到美国金融和货币制度。
1 e7 k4 m( K, x( C. [6 S Tanaka:What is meant by the term Federal Reserve System ?Is that the central bank of the UnitedStates? 5 p5 b5 S/ a8 I: [0 ~' x- ?
田 中:什么是美国联邦储蓄系统?它是美国的中央银行吗?
. N6 T: p" u4 Z- a5 s3 O. H0 r Banker :Technically it is not ,Mr.Tanaka,but it functions in that capacity .
, f7 x$ q' e \6 Z0 c 银行家:从法律上讲,它不是,田中先生。但是它发挥了那样的作用。 : U% m9 x* c0 _, {7 d6 ?. ^
The Federal Reserve System ,or the Fed as it is usually called,is the fiscal agent of the United States. 9 g2 D1 `8 d- X- Y& g1 B9 k J
美国联邦储备系统即平常称之为“联邦”的是美国财政机构。
0 f9 A8 X5 h- r& t [ It has authority to issure notes which are the main currency of the country , ! T: i B+ I( t9 [
它有权发行作为国家主要货币的纸币, 7 b' s; w5 a7 n0 G- o
to control the money supply and to supervise banks and banking practices in the country .
1 Q4 I6 E( T: i8 u& Z: n 有权控制货仙的供应量,并有权监督国内银行及银行业务活动。
3 ^9 _# [: Q' W. z& ] T;It’s owned by the government ,isn’t it ? 2 s$ {* q( t/ `
田 中:它属于政府所有,是吗?
* n |5 h/ G& ?0 \ B:No ,it isn’t .Actually ,the Fed really consists of 12 banks which are owned by all the nationallychartered banks in their respective districts.
3 G8 o& ?( l8 W: V% I 银行家:不是的。实际上,美国联邦储备系统包括十二家银行,这些银行都是由所在地区的国家立案银行掌握所有权。
3 m- ?3 J( A' J. b But the supervisory board ,called the Board of Governors,is a government agency responsible tothe Congress.
# f! @! D. n. u* y2 F 但是他被称为“总裁理事会”的具有监督作用的理事会是一个政府机构,它向国会负责。 : r E+ w ]2 W+ ?
T:What do you mean by nationally chartered banks?Don’t all banks have to have charters?
; J7 W/ v% G- V1 w* [ 田 中:您所说的国家立案的银行是什么意思?难道不是所有的银行都必须立案吗? 7 K4 {# Q# s% P) u6 |
B:Yes,every bank must have a charter or license to do business .But we have a dual bankingsystem here in the United States. . {/ \& }; o8 e% v# h1 b( v' }8 P
银行家:是的,每个银行都必须立案或者得到准许证才能营业。但是在美国,我们这里实行的是双重银行体制, ( h& W% s# b1 e# N6 y
That means some banks are licensed by the Federal government and some by individual states.
; d1 D, {7 l% \) Q9 i 就是说,有些银行是由联邦政府签发的准许证,而有些则是各个州签发的。 5 r# j; R8 h, B. T
There are approximately 5,000 national banks and 10,000 state banks in the country .
: h2 }+ ?: O' a; f 在美国大约有5000所国立银行和10000所州立银行。
5 y4 t. h8 N# s# ]! l9 g3 C" t T:Are they all supervised by the Fed? - z$ g( H; R* |- V% k
田 中:这些银行受美国联邦储备系统监督吗?
( J! x( y$ w5 }& r" ]' Q B:Only the national banks are .
1 \0 I8 i2 Y! ~! p 银行家:不,只有国立银行是这样的。 |