The American Financial System (1)
3 D/ C" G7 T0 ]9 ?; j* ~ 美国金融制度(一) 2 S' b0 {& n3 G7 n6 k4 {# s/ u/ ]/ \
Situation 6 2 C4 F6 b. u9 F% f9 c
情景 6 * K# G: v( Y% e2 G7 V( c
Iwao Tanaka ,making his first business trip to the United States,is talking to an American banker about the financial and monetary system of the U.S. 2 x5 O R# w, G3 v) `
田中岩夫第一次因公出差工到美国,他正在与美国的一位银行家谈到美国金融和货币制度。
/ U$ b( d/ H" S3 q" \5 W5 P* W Tanaka:What is meant by the term Federal Reserve System ?Is that the central bank of the UnitedStates?
- ]8 } j( q5 c$ L* m3 u 田 中:什么是美国联邦储蓄系统?它是美国的中央银行吗?
3 @* `' C& N9 q: p Banker :Technically it is not ,Mr.Tanaka,but it functions in that capacity . 2 w+ `* T3 k1 I2 W& v
银行家:从法律上讲,它不是,田中先生。但是它发挥了那样的作用。
" i, J. F8 q/ Q, m. D4 k The Federal Reserve System ,or the Fed as it is usually called,is the fiscal agent of the United States.
0 i/ ?( \" {0 }3 m- L* d8 Q 美国联邦储备系统即平常称之为“联邦”的是美国财政机构。 7 L. t4 p) _8 A! i) i! h2 _, y2 ?
It has authority to issure notes which are the main currency of the country , ; ]# T S2 I C0 D8 s) c
它有权发行作为国家主要货币的纸币, 2 b: c# n* _3 k6 Q# O3 J9 f
to control the money supply and to supervise banks and banking practices in the country . : A% X, o' m; Q, [
有权控制货仙的供应量,并有权监督国内银行及银行业务活动。
" x$ \0 y& {/ [9 n9 R5 \ T;It’s owned by the government ,isn’t it ? , K5 C# U ^) v* [, g
田 中:它属于政府所有,是吗? 8 W4 A1 Y* y+ ^" C* C
B:No ,it isn’t .Actually ,the Fed really consists of 12 banks which are owned by all the nationallychartered banks in their respective districts.
7 |& P# T1 i/ ] 银行家:不是的。实际上,美国联邦储备系统包括十二家银行,这些银行都是由所在地区的国家立案银行掌握所有权。
7 Q, R/ T7 Q3 u+ p But the supervisory board ,called the Board of Governors,is a government agency responsible tothe Congress. $ I/ z; Z6 C6 b/ e# X
但是他被称为“总裁理事会”的具有监督作用的理事会是一个政府机构,它向国会负责。
5 X' r7 w3 o2 |# a* K$ S T:What do you mean by nationally chartered banks?Don’t all banks have to have charters? ! `5 W( N6 a" j' v3 N1 S
田 中:您所说的国家立案的银行是什么意思?难道不是所有的银行都必须立案吗? 8 N+ A' S% g' I3 Q: E
B:Yes,every bank must have a charter or license to do business .But we have a dual bankingsystem here in the United States.
9 ]1 z" C' b# B2 j) X/ p 银行家:是的,每个银行都必须立案或者得到准许证才能营业。但是在美国,我们这里实行的是双重银行体制,
# {' v- Y5 f: A That means some banks are licensed by the Federal government and some by individual states.
8 g$ z& J: D6 [5 Z' ^+ h 就是说,有些银行是由联邦政府签发的准许证,而有些则是各个州签发的。 & { J7 V* J6 m- e3 }8 M/ B; Q; m
There are approximately 5,000 national banks and 10,000 state banks in the country . % G+ a- k; g# Q" Z
在美国大约有5000所国立银行和10000所州立银行。 # @9 W+ K2 e8 W1 M2 B! H
T:Are they all supervised by the Fed? % Z n& j0 e- X, } ~
田 中:这些银行受美国联邦储备系统监督吗?
3 p; b: ^6 @6 \; [1 Q4 d+ R B:Only the national banks are . 0 g6 r) D5 b# f F# U* r2 c0 G
银行家:不,只有国立银行是这样的。 |