The American Financial System (1)
6 L- t' [4 U: H$ T 美国金融制度(一)
4 E* T% }( n; I! _$ g Situation 6
. L6 N; K$ u. X" Y: m, B 情景 6
& O5 E. _ l, C. a! K$ M8 w Iwao Tanaka ,making his first business trip to the United States,is talking to an American banker about the financial and monetary system of the U.S. ( g" Q% r# j% z* Q
田中岩夫第一次因公出差工到美国,他正在与美国的一位银行家谈到美国金融和货币制度。
/ s8 H- o8 j" `& H Tanaka:What is meant by the term Federal Reserve System ?Is that the central bank of the UnitedStates? ; ~! J* v7 o% t U4 |0 u9 w
田 中:什么是美国联邦储蓄系统?它是美国的中央银行吗? - H2 W% G1 U! S! |$ Q3 O
Banker :Technically it is not ,Mr.Tanaka,but it functions in that capacity . ; B2 Y% F5 x K4 e/ T+ C5 H& }
银行家:从法律上讲,它不是,田中先生。但是它发挥了那样的作用。 ( H% B$ M$ B; {
The Federal Reserve System ,or the Fed as it is usually called,is the fiscal agent of the United States. # a" j# g% B* J
美国联邦储备系统即平常称之为“联邦”的是美国财政机构。 ' E( T: d. \5 o
It has authority to issure notes which are the main currency of the country ,
( u$ X+ C4 P- a# |" U- u 它有权发行作为国家主要货币的纸币,
1 D/ h$ H' Z6 d" N3 S4 f' n to control the money supply and to supervise banks and banking practices in the country .
% Z0 u7 |* ]% _2 B6 k) d 有权控制货仙的供应量,并有权监督国内银行及银行业务活动。 ) F L% {+ \3 y7 U+ R* d
T;It’s owned by the government ,isn’t it ? w/ K) ~' D" e6 \ l
田 中:它属于政府所有,是吗?
6 a# m' c1 M3 Z( ~- D4 Y) F B:No ,it isn’t .Actually ,the Fed really consists of 12 banks which are owned by all the nationallychartered banks in their respective districts. + [" L T$ j6 h7 K: P5 P* `" N* C
银行家:不是的。实际上,美国联邦储备系统包括十二家银行,这些银行都是由所在地区的国家立案银行掌握所有权。
* W7 ^ B* c( v& W( H: s x But the supervisory board ,called the Board of Governors,is a government agency responsible tothe Congress. ( j8 p. w+ i+ K% ?/ a
但是他被称为“总裁理事会”的具有监督作用的理事会是一个政府机构,它向国会负责。
% s+ G# t0 g: C/ X z- l- V T:What do you mean by nationally chartered banks?Don’t all banks have to have charters?
* a$ o" B, P5 j3 L- r0 C7 L8 ~) \2 y 田 中:您所说的国家立案的银行是什么意思?难道不是所有的银行都必须立案吗? 0 {5 S( X& ~" H
B:Yes,every bank must have a charter or license to do business .But we have a dual bankingsystem here in the United States.
: f B6 T1 D& m, U 银行家:是的,每个银行都必须立案或者得到准许证才能营业。但是在美国,我们这里实行的是双重银行体制, - E5 P s; G& r5 Z9 Q
That means some banks are licensed by the Federal government and some by individual states. ' h2 A2 X3 k9 `2 a) n) A$ d
就是说,有些银行是由联邦政府签发的准许证,而有些则是各个州签发的。 ' f+ @& y* w0 v
There are approximately 5,000 national banks and 10,000 state banks in the country .
& v9 T# r' [* g; P 在美国大约有5000所国立银行和10000所州立银行。 ( ^3 F" u3 o% f$ ^- W7 B, J6 J
T:Are they all supervised by the Fed?
' K( N8 X1 R* V; U) M1 K 田 中:这些银行受美国联邦储备系统监督吗? j5 @& L7 p* ^5 q
B:Only the national banks are .
2 f; I5 P% U" H7 c6 J( H 银行家:不,只有国立银行是这样的。 |