宏观经济的 macroeconomic* x3 P; t' I$ ]) Z( C. h( S
通货膨胀 inflation0 z% c: q- Q* P0 j2 h" x; i
破产 insolvency
- D' h1 R% T/ V; G6 r. O9 {: k 有偿还债务能力的 solvent( Z/ N" d/ h% r8 [
合同 contract+ u. I8 _' j: ?3 Q, @
汇率 exchange rate$ n! w, e# _5 m6 Y
紧缩信贷 tighten credit creation
& C$ u8 t4 R# R 私营部门 private sector
8 Z) D- b4 G' n! b6 @7 e 财政管理机构 fiscal authorities5 S4 |, [/ a5 d( f+ a: j/ R1 g
宽松的财政政策 slack fiscal policy
& ?9 z% a8 Q/ I4 l Z5 k# M 税法 tax bill
% g3 Y! q8 O! X4 _1 V 财政 public finance
n, _- X! h. q, v 财政部 the Ministry of Finance
8 U- H* U8 n2 g# J% O* N 平衡预算 balanced budget
( J0 W* t1 U0 K3 D! n# { 继承税 inheritance tax
# B, V' L+ }9 `+ A 货币主义者 monetariest
- ]. G% ~* |7 C( [+ Y5 z/ S 增值税 VAT (value added tax)2 b. S2 _! X) m' p l
收入 revenue
; J* X9 @* z, @0 p- w 总需求 aggregate demand
/ ?9 ^' S: l: r+ y0 v# \" z 货币化 monetization
, z/ @4 S8 J% M% E2 Q2 t: |& d 赤字 deficit% G, n, C( k B' A# j7 C
经济不景气 recession' Z J. R0 a# ]" n$ K, ?( [
a period when the economy of a country is not( u& V0 z- I6 t& E6 n
successful, business conditions are bad, industrial4 z* U1 ^4 q! M' U' u0 @8 }
production and trade are at a low level and there ~! I# z, _# i4 o+ L
is a lot of unemployment
# K g0 p: L# z! b! Y- d 经济好转 turnabout" U( B8 R7 G8 _0 }0 b$ N
复苏 recovery
6 k5 G, B4 M' l6 m2 L3 T" { 成本推进型 cost push
# }; ^( i' c8 Y' w 货币供应 money supply, k2 T6 _4 @6 t/ Y
生产率 productivity. I( g: D9 o, E2 J
劳动力 labor force
" Y' W6 ~3 t! }( y8 k$ m% K 实际工资 real wages
. |) l4 W$ X! Z# E% H E) f+ c: ^ 成本推进式通货膨胀 cost-push inflation
( }7 X8 K7 w3 B' I 需求拉动式通货膨胀 demand-pull inflation
( h* j/ w7 @$ L0 p$ i' P 双位数通货膨胀 double- digit inflation
0 e' }. {8 R: f# P) V$ m3 r3 g, m' U 极度通货膨胀 hyperinflation4 S2 l0 C# d/ i& Y6 @+ B6 ~7 D" R
长期通货膨胀 chronic inflation7 K' |8 _1 G: t5 B2 f y) z# C9 O
治理通货膨胀 to fight inflation
1 H. D4 l8 j2 c f4 K$ G; O' ]" A, ]/ P 最终目标 ultimate goal b) A1 Y' t+ {$ Z, @1 q# J! M: I
坏的影响 adverse effect% M+ P' V. a4 }, y
担保 ensure
m# k& j* _, Y: v9 \2 H0 v6 B 贴现 discount! f, {7 @- g0 z9 a9 P9 w
萧条的 sluggish
2 p0 L+ ^: Z4 L. z% O# W 认购 subscribe to
3 L8 C# p8 q8 J$ }3 D7 Q" K 支票帐户 checking account
6 ~; T' t8 d4 J( `) K5 [ 货币控制工具 instruments of monetry control
3 X8 A. ?" ?# c& i+ J 借据 IOUs(I owe you)
. u4 ~* m% X" Z5 i! D/ t 本票 promissory notes |