拆句法和合并法:这是两种相对应的翻译方法。拆句法是把一个长而复杂的句子拆译成若干个较短、较简单的句子,通常用于英译汉;合并法是把若干个短句合并成一个长句,一般用于汉译英。汉语强调意合,结构较松散,因此简单句较多;英语强调形合,结构较严密,因此长句较多。所以汉译英时要根据需要注意利用连词、分词、介词、不定式、定语从句、独立结构等把汉语短句连成长句;而英译汉时又常常要在原句的关系代词、关系副词、主谓连接处、并列或转折连接处、后续成分与主体的连接处,以及意群结束处将长句切断,译成汉语分句。这样就可以基本保留英语语序,顺译全句,顺应现代汉语长短句相替、单复句相间的句法修辞原则。如:# Z8 M i2 w. K1 o) w% G
(1) Increased cooperation with China is in the interests of the United States.
# V/ @3 Q. J* p# `0 @ 同中国加强合作,符合美国的利益。 (在主谓连接处拆译)5 D. F( K5 _/ I
(2)I wish to thank you for the incomparable hospitality for which the Chinese people are justly famous throughout the world.
1 P- B2 H9 f1 \% h& j 我要感谢你们无与伦比的盛情款待。中国人民正是以这种热情好客而闻明世界的。(在定语从句前拆译)
% H+ q3 [1 L' u# V (3)This is particularly true of the countries of the commonwealth, who see Britain’s membership of the Community a guarantee that the policies of the community will take their interests into account
, M9 Y& Q: p F' f 英联邦各国尤其如此,它们认为英国加入欧共体,将能保证欧共体的政策照顾到它们的利益。(在定语从句前拆译)% t9 R' A0 u( l& b" J9 V
(4)中国是个大国,百分之八十的人口从事农业,但耕地只占土地面积的十分之一,其余为山脉、森林、城镇和其他用地。' V, h8 }! P& D
China is a large country with four-fifths of the population engaged in agriculture, but only one tenth of the land is farmland, the rest being mountains, forests and places for urban and other uses.(合译) |