拆句法和合并法:这是两种相对应的翻译方法。拆句法是把一个长而复杂的句子拆译成若干个较短、较简单的句子,通常用于英译汉;合并法是把若干个短句合并成一个长句,一般用于汉译英。汉语强调意合,结构较松散,因此简单句较多;英语强调形合,结构较严密,因此长句较多。所以汉译英时要根据需要注意利用连词、分词、介词、不定式、定语从句、独立结构等把汉语短句连成长句;而英译汉时又常常要在原句的关系代词、关系副词、主谓连接处、并列或转折连接处、后续成分与主体的连接处,以及意群结束处将长句切断,译成汉语分句。这样就可以基本保留英语语序,顺译全句,顺应现代汉语长短句相替、单复句相间的句法修辞原则。如:
' Q# \# i' k8 |* T, O: J (1) Increased cooperation with China is in the interests of the United States.
: V. j: l$ T4 O9 |0 s4 W, R. ~ 同中国加强合作,符合美国的利益。 (在主谓连接处拆译)
6 q$ M* H: ^8 D9 H' g( H3 y8 v9 }4 _ (2)I wish to thank you for the incomparable hospitality for which the Chinese people are justly famous throughout the world.
9 N# Q( _; h* @1 @; a3 R- S, k0 ]2 b 我要感谢你们无与伦比的盛情款待。中国人民正是以这种热情好客而闻明世界的。(在定语从句前拆译)
0 g6 J/ X3 B( ~0 w6 ]4 a; z3 r# ? (3)This is particularly true of the countries of the commonwealth, who see Britain’s membership of the Community a guarantee that the policies of the community will take their interests into account& }9 p& Q7 g1 J8 k: i
英联邦各国尤其如此,它们认为英国加入欧共体,将能保证欧共体的政策照顾到它们的利益。(在定语从句前拆译)4 t7 O R- P6 C2 [0 O: S5 b* N8 Q
(4)中国是个大国,百分之八十的人口从事农业,但耕地只占土地面积的十分之一,其余为山脉、森林、城镇和其他用地。
2 F9 m$ t5 J. s b# A# G: x; a' y China is a large country with four-fifths of the population engaged in agriculture, but only one tenth of the land is farmland, the rest being mountains, forests and places for urban and other uses.(合译) |