Starke Verben - Strong Verbs - N-Schw
# k+ N# m! [7 I3 F( f0 W INFINITIV PR?TERITUM5 m6 E% A' W1 _; J; E
(Preterite) PERFEKT
) t7 E! y! Y* z7 q, l0 U5 \8 O (Past Participle)2 E% ^( f( s' f
N
; E5 m9 g. P# M nehmen take nahm took genommen taken
8 {4 w6 R" ~" Y9 F5 y( `1 I nennen name nannte named genannt named0 H" Z6 H1 R2 P) H8 q( B' q! G
P( _( D# x/ e c% f7 E1 J
pfeifen whistle pfiff whistled gepfiffen whistled* i2 h4 x( C. x
preisen praise pries praised gepriesen praised' ~+ v) O/ Z* Y. q; I% }
Q" a4 ]8 t- n! O
quellen gush quoll* gushed ist gequollen* gushed
- G; @6 U: s9 W- S4 B. C *Also has the weak forms quellte and hat gequellt.8 Q8 h! h7 Y: ~* Z5 P+ w8 L- p- c
R- t/ l2 h$ v: w5 E5 t- d
raten advise riet advised geraten advised
1 O0 l: f4 ~# L7 O+ x8 y reiben rub rieb rubbed gerieben rubbed. {' X* l1 Y& N" V) l
rei?en tear riss tore gerissen torn3 G5 h) n; E: l- I5 r, q
reiten* ride ritt rode ist geritten ridden1 v: H6 w* ~0 B
*The verb reiten is only used for riding an animal (e.g., horseback riding); to express "ride" in a transportation sense (bus, train, etc.), fahren is used.
9 i3 }4 ]) S6 K rennen run rannte ran ist gerannt run
- c% u; p5 D( @5 Z9 _ *The verb rennen is a "mixed" verb, combining elements of strong and weak verbs. For more see our Mixed Verbs page.
# p* b3 J' J1 E& Q$ r riechen smell roch smelled gerochen smelled
; G; |" _- M x5 ]# B# s ringen wring rang wrung gerungen wrung* i1 ~. q; Y1 o6 g- S& i9 t9 Q
rinnen flow rann flowed ist geronnen flowed+ I* E! {0 ]& j7 B$ i, F
rufen call rief called gerufen called7 p1 w# r8 d V% B c/ e
S0 e1 V/ `' e$ Z# s7 M
salzen salt salzte salted gesalzen/gesalzt salted7 Q" o, q/ o0 {
saufen drink soff drank gesoffen drunk8 ?; B/ g, o) Z" O% x4 l
saugen suck sog* sucked gesogen* sucked
: I, L( ? A. N9 P- L$ B* Q * Also has the weak forms saugte and hat gesaugt. In technical use, only the weak form is used.
& `1 l3 h6 R& q+ G- l4 w' g! V schaffen create;& ?! c0 f( c1 }6 U
accomplish, make schuf* created geschaffen* created
5 E: s% x( Z* C" R: @ L *The strong forms schuf/hat geschaffen are used when the meaning is "created" ("Sie hat sch?ne Sachen geschaffen."). To express "accomplished" or "made it," the weak forms schaffte/hat geschafft are used: "Er hat es geschafft (ein Tor zu machen)!", `3 U, \! W8 x O7 M+ U% r
scheiden depart; separate schied separated geschieden* separated+ [! `; n' M* `; u0 Y" }
*In the sense of "leave" or "depart" scheiden takes sein as a helping verb: "Karl ist aus dem Dienst geschieden."
1 D/ a( g( d: Q+ v scheinen shine schien shone geschienen shone
% g. R: n7 n8 A) E3 m" F schei?en shit schiss shit geschissen shit
0 H9 F0 A5 _5 ~! `# t2 I schelten scold schalt scolded gescholten scolded- W/ O4 t& Z8 e5 R q. V
schie?en shoot schoss shot geschossen shot3 E: _5 m4 Z6 E$ h/ ?
See the ablaut groups for learning the various patterns (a-u-a, e-a-o, etc.) of German strong verbs.
d- I$ l3 G9 P0 D5 g schlafen sleep schlief slept geschlafen slept5 ~ Z V; x$ c
schlagen hit schlug hit geschlagen hit# h! N, q# S# z& J
schleichen sneak schlich sneaked ist geschlichen sneaked
6 ~& c- O V7 I: j N2 B schleifen polish schliff* polished geschliffen* polished4 q1 ~3 z6 ^' c I; y" I! f
*Although the strong form is preferred, schleifte and hat geschleift (weak) are also used.) J3 d2 s: l/ d2 x8 X
schlei?en slit schli? slit geschlissen slit6 p. f5 z& `& ?& o& h5 h3 J% H+ H
schlie?en close, lock schloss closed geschlossen closed9 q4 R4 f Z- }% J
schlingen gulp (down) schlang gulped geschlungen gulped
* N+ S" ?4 V2 O ~ schmei?en fling, toss schmiss flung geschmissen flung
7 O- _4 y* _9 D schmelzen melt schmolz melted geschmolzen melted( n3 |. Z4 J5 e- M' t9 W
schneiden cut schnitt cut geschnitten cut
1 D0 K5 P2 v: } schrecken scare schrak/schreckte scared geschreckt/geschrocken scared+ g" G1 i; Y0 O t* X' E$ {
schreiben write schrieb wrote geschrieben written, c! O8 U2 T. ~" ~( ]: S
schreien scream schrie screamed geschrien screamed* Q5 p- k5 M) l' M& f8 @2 t2 c
schreiten step schritt stepped ist geschritten stepped
2 C! P- ?; I, O) C2 o" S schweigen be silent schwieg was silent geschwiegen been silent5 q' r# k! Q. B0 n! F
schwellen* swell, rise schwoll swelled ist geschwollen swollen
3 C! |* X8 t/ Z/ N, q1 u% k7 T5 N *There are two forms of schwellen: (1) strong (above) for the sense of "to swell up/fill with wind," and (2) weak to "fill (something) up with wind/to swell (something) up."
& s, w5 c3 W ^& E4 R/ K0 o; p# F schwimmen swim schwamm swam ist geschwommen swum/ I% D+ k t: _0 s; c5 I
schwinden dwindle schwand dwindled ist geschwunden dwindled
8 ~; {( U3 B" L! m schwingen swing schwang swung geschwungen swung1 K v$ M, [+ M" I1 Y
schw?ren swear schwur/schwor swore geschworen sworn |