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% }8 M5 ~3 T* S 一、英译汉概要(二)% Z, d5 L) }/ n+ [ b$ x
(二)句子层面
/ }# u; q% {8 h( {# A 1、调整结构- J% X( K% V6 t1 r+ C4 `
He spoke with understandable pride of his experience./ e6 f* c+ Y6 h0 t$ h2 I, ]
他自豪地讲起他的经历,这是可以理解的。
+ d% k: @9 ^5 w- |+ b/ P8 \ 2、加词解释) B3 K' d6 T- q0 H0 B
(1)意义或修饰上增词
# y5 J9 o3 q8 [8 M; v6 V Enclosed is our latest catalogue.) Q. v4 |2 N$ V* @# n
随函附上我们最新的商品目录。5 ]1 t; B& ?* c+ U' S
Trade wars arise from a ruthless determination on the part of a company or country to capture the market.# E H- M; Q" y$ Q/ d" [' |! K( v
贸易战是一个公司或国家为占领市场而做出无情的决定引起的。(增加了动词“做出”)
r& b$ p5 V, ~* U With what enthusiasm the Chinese people are building socialism.: s: X) i, @$ u! U/ A: n
中国人民正在以多么高的热情建设社会主义呀!(增加了形容词“高的”)2 F6 Y, s3 A9 _/ O. [& m
This typewriter is indeed cheap and fine.1 B; N; @( Q; W' j! }" m. G
这部打字机真是价廉物美。(增加了形容词前的名词)! U- C8 f6 i) O/ j! u$ g( u
The two countries cooperated militarily, politically and economically.
, o0 i \# @, r" O; L 两国在军事、政治和经济等方面进行了合作。(增加“等方面”表示概括性的词)' T7 H; V: |) Y" w
(2)句法上增词! j0 z/ W, D, n; x+ g( b6 @! A
Reading makes a full man; conference a ready man; writing an exact man.# i! _* f3 {& ^( O# `
读书使人充实,讨论使人机智,写作使人准确。(增加了省略的动词)
/ m( X& T3 K; N) q& J& ~ 3、减词省略
0 r- v# U% K/ f) Q/ q! U) Z We live and learn.( |1 l+ X3 V# V! G! c
活到老,学到老。(省略了泛指人称代词we)
" c: U1 Z3 L: T% k, W0 X q 汉语词语之间多是意合关系,而英语则是形合关系,因此英译汉时连词常省略。0 I. Q1 O' J/ }# S: e* X
Practically all substances expand when heated and contract when cooled. ?' X5 L% K J0 z
实际上一切物质都是热胀冷缩的。(省略了时间连词when); o# ? d% o* U4 V" X
一般来说,表示时间和地点的介词,译成汉语如出现在句首,大多可以省略不译。
5 N" D7 g/ s- P% o' l The People‘s Republic of China was founded in October, 1949.! Q$ Q/ n) U; M* [5 B
1949年10月中华人民共和国成立。(省略表时间的介词)8 K' \5 A- ^; X6 ]& h) P$ e
Smoking is not allowed in public places.8 X; h6 W# [, q; E" J! m% a4 X
公共场所不许吸烟。(省略表地点的介词)4 p. x+ d( h9 R+ z
4、重复8 D3 B+ `) }- v5 ^' M$ [
Ignorance is the mother of fear as well as of admiration.
' F) ~7 R* B7 f2 D2 M 无知是羡慕的根源,也是恐惧的根源。(重复介词前省略的名词)
( z1 d0 k' z$ m Reading exercises one‘s eyes; speaking, one’s tongue; while writing, one‘s mind.: s. I# A4 `/ Z' L# l: M: E! |6 ~7 W& O
阅读训练人的眼睛,说话训练人的口才,写作训练人的思维。(重复动词)
, d; _, Y% |5 U He hated failure; he had conquered it all his life, risen above it, despised it in others.+ ^( S3 W. v9 B# ?0 w7 V# T
他讨厌失败,他一生中途曾战胜失败,超越失败,并且藐视别人的失败。(重复代词代替的名词)' v+ t4 V' d7 @$ @0 ] {* Q
Wherever oppressions existed, there would be resistance.$ f8 M2 K$ I4 @ I8 R2 V1 z0 j1 f7 M
哪里有压迫,哪里就有反抗。(重复wherever等关系代词和副词)9 @ a. T. J: {6 T$ \; B/ c, ^
5、正反转换
2 S" i$ O+ U5 u; ~ The two sides said they keep mum over the deal because it was only tentative.3 F; n3 H: W/ _/ ~
签约双方都说不想张扬是因为交易本身尚未最后定夺。( I' O3 v& }% c* v5 j
We may safely say so.6 @ `3 R2 ^. `/ I' m6 @
我们这样说万无一失。
$ j* ]% k% c; U% s6 ~1 s It was beyond his power to sign such a contract.5 g" m* T) x3 `9 N) y$ ^5 a
他无权签订这种合同。
* |" G$ G/ G9 ^- O/ K3 e6 _ The doubt was still unsolved after his repeated explanations.
/ h5 Y4 H' j! c 虽然他一再解释,疑团仍然存在。
- N- Z" ^0 m% l( G. Q All the articles are untouchable in the museum.# z p; y% ]# ^# U5 \0 M
博物馆内一切展品禁止触摸。% L y" P' r* _' @ u
6、被动语态) ^ |4 S- z& P0 L8 V( y9 D
I was told that there is something wrong with the new order .) C. m- T/ m. g6 m3 {6 f3 d h
我听说新定单出了点问题。
! z, W( Y9 b5 h: z# h Government involvement is generally considered to be detrimental to competition and the optimal allocation of the factors of production.
% _- \& X8 W% v$ w% V 人们普遍认为政府干预只会对竞争不利,只会有损于生产要素的最佳配置。 |