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一、英译汉概要(二) |' p2 y2 t# O- E; y% H
(二)句子层面5 f6 t* w% F) k6 g' b" E$ G
1、调整结构, S& U: Q" t- E
He spoke with understandable pride of his experience./ a* C7 S* N8 i3 D) M# N
他自豪地讲起他的经历,这是可以理解的。
; \+ F. h9 y+ o# w* ~$ q4 I6 K 2、加词解释8 V) G; N, z! {
(1)意义或修饰上增词
# n: u" F, M- ~8 { A! C Enclosed is our latest catalogue.
3 O0 V4 i1 J# _ 随函附上我们最新的商品目录。. k% U8 w* _1 s* ?9 _0 s+ y( F; f
Trade wars arise from a ruthless determination on the part of a company or country to capture the market. c* u$ }7 J. t- \: M; V
贸易战是一个公司或国家为占领市场而做出无情的决定引起的。(增加了动词“做出”)( k1 K9 k: b. [; h( Q
With what enthusiasm the Chinese people are building socialism./ c& W7 |7 s" l- K/ d0 @ S$ z
中国人民正在以多么高的热情建设社会主义呀!(增加了形容词“高的”)9 `4 r% o' W7 i* ]% |# m
This typewriter is indeed cheap and fine.
E0 T# a [7 `' ? 这部打字机真是价廉物美。(增加了形容词前的名词)+ q$ F$ C9 ~4 B: q
The two countries cooperated militarily, politically and economically.
1 e0 k4 h( r9 G* R 两国在军事、政治和经济等方面进行了合作。(增加“等方面”表示概括性的词)& X# N8 Z* Z7 c
(2)句法上增词$ U/ p, v3 Z9 W# n" q, T
Reading makes a full man; conference a ready man; writing an exact man.
5 o5 ]4 v. V$ r3 r/ k* E- y 读书使人充实,讨论使人机智,写作使人准确。(增加了省略的动词)
, J G3 I) |: c4 u. e6 O8 m6 T 3、减词省略
3 g8 N) f; h4 f# c3 m- \ We live and learn.
J) P" v1 d) p 活到老,学到老。(省略了泛指人称代词we); p3 |. i1 L: o( M8 q6 Y9 }
汉语词语之间多是意合关系,而英语则是形合关系,因此英译汉时连词常省略。) r6 J& x2 `9 N- @: b: e
Practically all substances expand when heated and contract when cooled.
- n+ E7 Q s: c 实际上一切物质都是热胀冷缩的。(省略了时间连词when)( j' ~, [6 n/ Y0 K
一般来说,表示时间和地点的介词,译成汉语如出现在句首,大多可以省略不译。
- `& @+ h9 }+ h3 { The People‘s Republic of China was founded in October, 1949." b# ?$ c- [5 @9 ]8 f
1949年10月中华人民共和国成立。(省略表时间的介词)
5 `8 [% X9 y9 p r; k Smoking is not allowed in public places.
& t' s$ P( _5 C, M$ a$ r 公共场所不许吸烟。(省略表地点的介词)+ C9 L" a4 [! R% m0 Z' N
4、重复* A" H2 Z- I6 g; z! _2 G; `
Ignorance is the mother of fear as well as of admiration.& A( C+ ]* Z5 O# Q" o9 c; s9 _( u
无知是羡慕的根源,也是恐惧的根源。(重复介词前省略的名词)- n! L. Q3 V8 `4 z
Reading exercises one‘s eyes; speaking, one’s tongue; while writing, one‘s mind.5 p+ s/ b& b7 k& A3 I1 k+ K
阅读训练人的眼睛,说话训练人的口才,写作训练人的思维。(重复动词)7 R: @" h2 e1 D5 F8 R3 d
He hated failure; he had conquered it all his life, risen above it, despised it in others.
6 o- ?% D2 ~( l8 \ 他讨厌失败,他一生中途曾战胜失败,超越失败,并且藐视别人的失败。(重复代词代替的名词)
& P% s( m" d( j( U& p6 P Wherever oppressions existed, there would be resistance.- j: X* S* S' `2 X6 G, t
哪里有压迫,哪里就有反抗。(重复wherever等关系代词和副词)
) n/ X5 V4 u3 Z% ^ 5、正反转换: L5 ? t6 ~5 {0 C# Q5 F
The two sides said they keep mum over the deal because it was only tentative.2 h% `$ g( ]" B" c
签约双方都说不想张扬是因为交易本身尚未最后定夺。
+ X5 j) N; |& H7 y$ n* v We may safely say so.
6 l- j K2 Y$ K 我们这样说万无一失。2 o! a0 R" E) m( z
It was beyond his power to sign such a contract.
8 g. @6 }- Z& E: k3 \6 N% Z 他无权签订这种合同。' k+ n5 F1 u0 U0 d, w
The doubt was still unsolved after his repeated explanations.1 I2 G6 } ?% O. y x! W
虽然他一再解释,疑团仍然存在。3 G8 Q. I* a5 `0 Y8 M' y
All the articles are untouchable in the museum.
2 i( d+ y) z9 K' I+ W$ w) Y# n. Q 博物馆内一切展品禁止触摸。7 Q9 f; t* a d8 V3 a
6、被动语态' x/ \' D. }; u$ Q5 H3 k, |5 l- i
I was told that there is something wrong with the new order .# s9 W$ L" Y z
我听说新定单出了点问题。
/ J, _2 T, l1 t% o# q' W' i& N Government involvement is generally considered to be detrimental to competition and the optimal allocation of the factors of production.# ^$ [2 j/ F) W+ Y. K. L
人们普遍认为政府干预只会对竞争不利,只会有损于生产要素的最佳配置。 |