第十四节 情态动词(一)/ X2 J* ]" U. J1 Y( T
肯定句和否定句中的情态动词, W u" j" g5 i) a- z, G+ a4 m
一、情态动词的现在式在肯定句中的比较3 x2 R& v% Z: G8 t ^
1. can表示体力或脑力方面的“能力”、“技能”或根据客观条件能做某种动作的“可能性”
, K& g& L/ G' i$ k 1) Mild forms of execrise can some of the loss of flexibility that accompanies aging.
' J6 P; a# y, I [A] stop[B] to stop[C] stopping[D] be stopped但表示人体力或智力的具体动作时须用 be able to
' q0 V9 L: m) A5 q He was able to do that without any help.他不需要任何帮助就能完成这项工作。( V6 K4 g" b" ? Y
2. may表示“允许,可以”,相当于be allowed to5 D/ x1 y2 {: {6 }9 q
2) If there is social or political change in a region [A] where a standard language [B] is spoken, local varieties [C] of the language may developing [D] .# ]* K% R* p" P- S+ o2 y
may或might可和as well连用,表示“建议”,译为“还是……的为好”
9 n, I/ ]5 y8 q( H6 o. \ You may as well keep a certain distance from that mad man. 你们还是离那疯子远点为好。' g! y1 f- R- h9 I# x+ _
You might as well go home now.你还是现在回家为好。( Z% Z" n3 Z' O0 ^; B; [2 l
3. must表示“必须”或“应当”、“一定”
- m' u& q$ {5 a6 l$ {, ?. V 3) The formation of snow must be occurring [A] slowly [B] , in calm air, and at a temperature near [C] the freezing point [D] .
* g1 I0 R( h; u: i 4. have to 加动词原形,表示“不得不”,“必须”,它比must更强调客观6 o% f6 b- Q! o4 J' }, _
Tom had to work into the deep night everyday to earn a living. 汤姆为了生计每天都得工作到深夜。
2 \) f7 T7 V f0 V: [ 5. should 表示“劝告”,“建议”或“义务”时,译作“应当”,或表示“预测”和“可能”
$ _# y# \1 d& V6 s* Z( q He should take care of his parents as they are old enough not to live on themselves. 由于父母亲老了,不能自理,他应当照顾他们。% K# L& c" C( d% F1 z6 F, H2 u0 S( }
He should be there now. 他可能到了。
, H9 w2 B; }! s- ]5 t6 n- x2 Z should have done在虚拟语气中表示“责备或后悔”
; `+ H- i( X) O1 ?2 [% j3 g 6. ought ,只有一种形式,即ought后必须加to,然后跟接动词原形表示“有义务”或“必要”做某事,译为“应当,应该”# j: {" z( e2 Z5 w
4) The traditional goal of science is to discover how things are,not how they ought .
6 b8 g9 S4 {' b5 M5 H6 p [A] to[B] to be[C] be[D] have been0 _2 D( N" r0 F5 [1 Z8 ^* Z1 H
5) You are quite right;I am inferring in my comments [A] that McGraw had not ought to [B] have broken [C] in the room without his permission [D] .
3 Q0 K* Z0 x* U5 T7 F 7. dare 可以用作情态动词,后面跟不带to的动词不定式,这主要用于否定句中,它本身可有现在时第三人称单数,词尾加s,它还可以有ING分词形式(daring)和过去式及ED分词形式(dared)$ }+ y( v0 f) W% m+ \
6) Although Oriental ideas of woman's subordination to man prevailed in those days,she meet with men on an equal basis.3 G2 \! f: `* B8 f5 M: {) F5 n
[A] did not dared [B] dared not [C] dared not to [D] did dare not to# B2 B0 Q! n j) F% |. [4 \/ `- \, ~
二、情态动词在一般时否定句中的用法
1 Z. I3 S" q) y" V5 s! g) U can't(can not, cannot) 表示“不可能”, may not 表示“不可以”, mustn't(must not) 表示“一定不要”,“不许可”,needn't (need not) 表示“不必”,dare not +动词原形 表示“不敢”$ m3 x; k0 u; e7 ] n5 U+ u
He can't finish his essay by this time. 现在他不可能写完论文。' u( ~, O7 v$ S
He may not sleep now. 他或许现在没在睡觉。3 n: O8 A2 s) m9 F9 o
You mustn't criticize her in that way. 你不应那样批评她。
0 J( x; h$ r3 ~8 K- b5 W You needn't come tomorrow. 你明天没必要来了。
9 Y+ J# ?4 O0 b$ M, B3 i9 [5 l) g0 O He dared not meet his fiancée. 他不敢见女朋友。( b8 y7 N6 ^2 X" S5 O g
三、例题解析
. M/ |5 I, u1 Z; v- } 1) 正确答案为A.由于情态动词can要求跟动词原形,所以B和C都不对,can后虽然有被动形式,但在意义上和语法上与横线后部分都无法衔接,所以D也错。
- r# H S5 S$ R2 u" f: ? 2) D错。改为develop.may后要求跟动词原形,而developing是现在分词,显然不符合要求,所以应改为develop.
" G- Y+ }; ^- E8 I2 c6 d6 b! i 3) A错。改用 must occur,此处叙说的是客观现象,而非强调正在发生的事,故用一般现在时。: i, J& T8 s9 l: J- [0 ~0 ^- p, y% j
4) B为正确答案。
1 J6 E9 ]9 z3 `+ _" C 5) B错。改为ought not to.
$ W3 T/ O! y. i5 Y: E9 E+ t 6) B为正确答案。) J$ \3 S* f- z* y: a% H [
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