第十四节 情态动词(一)9 B3 N( S- V; U& q# A
肯定句和否定句中的情态动词
r2 E. u8 b" N0 L# ]3 d/ b5 F 一、情态动词的现在式在肯定句中的比较
& f& ]' p0 S `* j6 X6 n5 S3 q 1. can表示体力或脑力方面的“能力”、“技能”或根据客观条件能做某种动作的“可能性”9 p" k* V1 t0 u" k
1) Mild forms of execrise can some of the loss of flexibility that accompanies aging., _7 Z0 u5 A+ N% ~" b
[A] stop[B] to stop[C] stopping[D] be stopped但表示人体力或智力的具体动作时须用 be able to
4 N W4 h( U. v0 ~* L# S He was able to do that without any help.他不需要任何帮助就能完成这项工作。
$ C6 J( d: E7 M- o$ O+ j 2. may表示“允许,可以”,相当于be allowed to1 r; _1 C6 T! b1 E$ ]
2) If there is social or political change in a region [A] where a standard language [B] is spoken, local varieties [C] of the language may developing [D] .3 P6 Z! R+ ^0 }/ G
may或might可和as well连用,表示“建议”,译为“还是……的为好”
& h, X3 O; M6 F, ]% \! [ You may as well keep a certain distance from that mad man. 你们还是离那疯子远点为好。
6 ]4 I+ H' N2 c You might as well go home now.你还是现在回家为好。
) H, X9 J2 r w 3. must表示“必须”或“应当”、“一定”
% O, j" A; q: `) I6 ` 3) The formation of snow must be occurring [A] slowly [B] , in calm air, and at a temperature near [C] the freezing point [D] .
( H7 B7 |* s# b1 I3 y 4. have to 加动词原形,表示“不得不”,“必须”,它比must更强调客观
: Y5 P7 ]% b9 G% a) P Tom had to work into the deep night everyday to earn a living. 汤姆为了生计每天都得工作到深夜。& S# Q& o0 z/ o% p3 |: @
5. should 表示“劝告”,“建议”或“义务”时,译作“应当”,或表示“预测”和“可能”
7 ^" R* U& U6 U- l) r* L7 v He should take care of his parents as they are old enough not to live on themselves. 由于父母亲老了,不能自理,他应当照顾他们。+ O+ w/ @, w- i7 o1 B( |' f9 [
He should be there now. 他可能到了。3 P1 G+ c- G5 B8 ?& f3 Q& R
should have done在虚拟语气中表示“责备或后悔”1 V" g& B; [& f' a7 {
6. ought ,只有一种形式,即ought后必须加to,然后跟接动词原形表示“有义务”或“必要”做某事,译为“应当,应该”) B0 D! z) N- k5 t6 C( R
4) The traditional goal of science is to discover how things are,not how they ought .$ ~; t. f5 F9 k- v$ k
[A] to[B] to be[C] be[D] have been/ \0 A* S5 Q+ c/ V! L/ M$ o& ^
5) You are quite right;I am inferring in my comments [A] that McGraw had not ought to [B] have broken [C] in the room without his permission [D] ./ i- z8 u: x* B* w: F
7. dare 可以用作情态动词,后面跟不带to的动词不定式,这主要用于否定句中,它本身可有现在时第三人称单数,词尾加s,它还可以有ING分词形式(daring)和过去式及ED分词形式(dared)0 M- x/ w. _9 o1 P. K
6) Although Oriental ideas of woman's subordination to man prevailed in those days,she meet with men on an equal basis. U: X: n2 t% Q
[A] did not dared [B] dared not [C] dared not to [D] did dare not to1 i3 l! K! O5 c/ s1 u
二、情态动词在一般时否定句中的用法
9 p6 ?8 |+ S, i+ } can't(can not, cannot) 表示“不可能”, may not 表示“不可以”, mustn't(must not) 表示“一定不要”,“不许可”,needn't (need not) 表示“不必”,dare not +动词原形 表示“不敢”
9 \, E+ \- d. a$ l8 X9 [: o He can't finish his essay by this time. 现在他不可能写完论文。
# q& G2 ~# X3 d He may not sleep now. 他或许现在没在睡觉。. n, t: ?/ G. f; Z% @ o! M
You mustn't criticize her in that way. 你不应那样批评她。" ~: P% h7 w7 u, W0 g" N
You needn't come tomorrow. 你明天没必要来了。1 L$ d% y5 V4 \
He dared not meet his fiancée. 他不敢见女朋友。
; Q8 ]4 R! b: a; Y 三、例题解析5 ], d" c, Y" @8 f4 N4 \7 m4 U" J
1) 正确答案为A.由于情态动词can要求跟动词原形,所以B和C都不对,can后虽然有被动形式,但在意义上和语法上与横线后部分都无法衔接,所以D也错。! ?% G$ e k6 z U0 i
2) D错。改为develop.may后要求跟动词原形,而developing是现在分词,显然不符合要求,所以应改为develop.
$ ^( B+ I. R+ }6 F+ g0 n 3) A错。改用 must occur,此处叙说的是客观现象,而非强调正在发生的事,故用一般现在时。1 B" R; `4 Q, t; K% O& o
4) B为正确答案。
! h, y b9 I$ _ H 5) B错。改为ought not to.
9 y" g4 Y$ ]8 K5 I3 Z; Z- Y) z' K+ ` 6) B为正确答案。
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