第十四节 情态动词(一)
+ Q) H* z7 h2 k8 p 肯定句和否定句中的情态动词: ~$ |' i$ B- j8 e3 ^9 C9 o3 v
一、情态动词的现在式在肯定句中的比较" P8 d2 s$ J7 K9 c( k" J2 E6 b9 J
1. can表示体力或脑力方面的“能力”、“技能”或根据客观条件能做某种动作的“可能性”
5 F! ~: K1 B7 n5 w9 g/ t; R 1) Mild forms of execrise can some of the loss of flexibility that accompanies aging.
+ R s- S& r, u5 J: r- I- }1 x [A] stop[B] to stop[C] stopping[D] be stopped但表示人体力或智力的具体动作时须用 be able to* v: Y; ?6 P* g
He was able to do that without any help.他不需要任何帮助就能完成这项工作。3 z- r# |( \ L: l: d
2. may表示“允许,可以”,相当于be allowed to
; _& D% b! b# W8 g 2) If there is social or political change in a region [A] where a standard language [B] is spoken, local varieties [C] of the language may developing [D] .
1 ~& j/ }/ q: y5 b5 x% C2 | may或might可和as well连用,表示“建议”,译为“还是……的为好”% C7 |& Q0 W$ L; h" `5 d/ L- P
You may as well keep a certain distance from that mad man. 你们还是离那疯子远点为好。 k. \ b5 \! a- X4 U
You might as well go home now.你还是现在回家为好。
0 D3 ]0 c) X6 H 3. must表示“必须”或“应当”、“一定”
3 k- o& B: d# h 3) The formation of snow must be occurring [A] slowly [B] , in calm air, and at a temperature near [C] the freezing point [D] .9 g% I" J ^. t* T8 |* a
4. have to 加动词原形,表示“不得不”,“必须”,它比must更强调客观
2 P4 W: t$ x. e7 k2 J j% R Tom had to work into the deep night everyday to earn a living. 汤姆为了生计每天都得工作到深夜。
1 V% S/ T4 i5 \- X1 ]* u 5. should 表示“劝告”,“建议”或“义务”时,译作“应当”,或表示“预测”和“可能”
! q) q0 \9 I7 ^( Z; J He should take care of his parents as they are old enough not to live on themselves. 由于父母亲老了,不能自理,他应当照顾他们。" u1 g* C6 z* X
He should be there now. 他可能到了。1 e, s; Z- q" u$ f( ?
should have done在虚拟语气中表示“责备或后悔”
9 l( c8 @, U- m% _" V0 M 6. ought ,只有一种形式,即ought后必须加to,然后跟接动词原形表示“有义务”或“必要”做某事,译为“应当,应该”
5 D' X$ }9 r% u2 M" W% n 4) The traditional goal of science is to discover how things are,not how they ought .9 y9 q1 O8 K. l. M. i. f2 ~$ K
[A] to[B] to be[C] be[D] have been
% d H, P' a z, c- u 5) You are quite right;I am inferring in my comments [A] that McGraw had not ought to [B] have broken [C] in the room without his permission [D] .( j& Y6 F ?0 L" H/ s
7. dare 可以用作情态动词,后面跟不带to的动词不定式,这主要用于否定句中,它本身可有现在时第三人称单数,词尾加s,它还可以有ING分词形式(daring)和过去式及ED分词形式(dared)2 z6 r$ [- D8 M4 j
6) Although Oriental ideas of woman's subordination to man prevailed in those days,she meet with men on an equal basis.
3 t, A+ K# y5 U [A] did not dared [B] dared not [C] dared not to [D] did dare not to5 T S/ K; l4 ?% W" c: v9 q: S
二、情态动词在一般时否定句中的用法
9 I K- l& h4 C- m5 V! G- _6 _3 L can't(can not, cannot) 表示“不可能”, may not 表示“不可以”, mustn't(must not) 表示“一定不要”,“不许可”,needn't (need not) 表示“不必”,dare not +动词原形 表示“不敢”
2 ^6 T4 ?$ V$ L/ l8 P/ J# n He can't finish his essay by this time. 现在他不可能写完论文。
n [0 M) h! f9 ~. j j, j He may not sleep now. 他或许现在没在睡觉。5 z- w( i) J8 }% w8 h+ P
You mustn't criticize her in that way. 你不应那样批评她。
' w* {- J6 @4 _' \9 k6 p You needn't come tomorrow. 你明天没必要来了。 G0 S& h9 C' z
He dared not meet his fiancée. 他不敢见女朋友。
" O2 C l S/ V' x 三、例题解析
4 `0 T' f$ d3 S g+ e 1) 正确答案为A.由于情态动词can要求跟动词原形,所以B和C都不对,can后虽然有被动形式,但在意义上和语法上与横线后部分都无法衔接,所以D也错。
. }6 q {! c" \- _ 2) D错。改为develop.may后要求跟动词原形,而developing是现在分词,显然不符合要求,所以应改为develop.
' V- A, W7 H# |, G4 Q3 C1 F 3) A错。改用 must occur,此处叙说的是客观现象,而非强调正在发生的事,故用一般现在时。( z- T2 k& C& [' n! t' S' ?3 b; ~
4) B为正确答案。7 G+ m5 X8 [0 X4 w$ `5 L& Y
5) B错。改为ought not to.
- A0 h4 v' u9 k2 B 6) B为正确答案。) P- L N, h/ d, ~! D* x
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