2011成考高起点英语语法归纳与练习19

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第十九节 —ED分词（一）
    -ED分词的用法
. k0 b: N" o* H: b' Y; P    一、-ED分词作表语
9 G: K( u+ A* \5 Y# ~1 j' Z( E    The glass is broken. / He was amused. / She seemed quite disappointed. / He is greatly discouraged by her refusal of inviting her to the party. / The window remains locked.
/ D' ], X! _% f/ L: N) [    已经形容词化了的-ED分词大都作表语，常见的有：accomplished， amazed， amused， astonished， broken， closed， completed， complicated， confused， crowded， deserted， devoted， disappointed， discouraged， dressed， drunk， exhausted， excited， experienced， fadded， fascinated， frightened， hurt， inexperienced， interested， known， learned， lost， married， pleased， puzzled， qualified， satisfied， surprised， tired， unprepared， unqualified， unkown， upset， worried， wounded等。
8 L' [8 H' k$ x% p    二、作定语的-ED分词
    -ED分词可以作前置定语也可以作后置定语，作后置定语时相当于一个定语从句
    1） Commercial banks make most of their income from interest on loans and investments in stocks and bonds.
0 F- n- B0 {5 f; b3 ~) s    [A] earn [B] earned [C] to earn[D] was earned
    2） On his return from his college， he found the house .
    [A] deserting[B] deserted[C] desert[D] to be deserted
    3） The age [A] of a geological sample can be estimated [B] from the ratio of radioactive to nonradioactive carbon present [C] in the object is examined [D] .
    三、用作状语的-ED分词
9 W+ T7 _1 k$ L$ X3 i! O    这样的-ED分词通常来自及物动词。-ED分词用作状语时，跟-ING分词作状语时一样，修饰主句的谓语动词，意义上相当于状语从句，表示时间，条件，原因，伴随状况等。-ED分词结构作状语，前边往往可以加when，while，if，as if，though.这时，我们可以把-ED分词结构理解为一个省略句，即省去了“主语和be的变化形式”。一般说来，这种结构的逻辑主语必须与主句的主语一致。
: ^6 \3 A1 f2 E& |# ?. N, F& ~    1. 表示时间
) O* T- z, I. y) Z- E9 \$ {0 }# a    4） Inaugurated a second time on March 4， 1901， focused on domestic rather than foreign policies.
    [A] William McKinley's new term looked forward to and
    [B] the new term looked forward to William McKinley and
7 Q; Z: d! ^' A, s: _1 l3 k: L* V) ~    [C] looking forward to a new term was William McKinley
    [D] William McKinley looked forward to a new term
    2. 表示条件
    5） under a microscope，a fresh snowflake has a delicate sixpointed shape.
    [A] Seen [B] Sees [C] Seeing[D] To see
    6） to steel，chromium（铬） increases the metal's hardness.
! D. _/ P( T4 z6 R% S  F% t! ]4 s    [A] Added [B] In addition [C] Adding[D] Adds
2 U8 d, y# U9 N. d# ~    7） enough food and water， they could have beaten the enemy.
5 ~% p/ K2 p& `" \9 B    [A] Being given[B] Given[C] Give
    [D] To give3. 表示原因
; g8 D( i$ p, }7 c4 W, M    8） Encouraged by his mother， .
7 M" C$ U# ]! v0 D    [A] art was studied in Florence by John Singer Sargent
7 X; f, q2 ]& W    [B] Florence was where John Singer Sargent studied art
( p2 {4 Z$ A0 T# D! {    [C] the study of art in Florence by John Singer Sargent
7 B4 c& a8 r  Q) }6 g& ~/ q3 `    [D] John Singer Sargent studied art in Florence.
    9） by the decision， the lawyer quickly left the court room.
4 U3 @8 Q8 Y% u9 A7 e) m; ~1 X7 ~    [A] Angering [B] Having angered [C] Being angry [D] Angered
# R" Y9 M+ g4 e: u' R% E7 r    10） Written in great haste， .
    [A] Jim made a lot of mistakes in the report [B] there are plenty of errors in the report
    [C] we found several mistakes in his report [D] the books is full of errors.
    4. 表示伴随状况：-ED分词结构作状语表示伴随状况时，没有适当的分句可替换
    11） was not incorporated as a city until almost two centuries later，in 1834.
2 e" v) u7 k' n7 c  e' A0 w    [A] Settling Brooklyn，the Dutch [B] The Dutch settled Brooklyn
    [C] Brooklyn was settled by the Dutch [D] Settled by the Dutch，Brooklyn
1 J. V$ f+ a* R  O& S# G6 ^  j    12） Anna was reading a piece of science fiction， completely to the outside world.
    [A] being lost[B] having lost[C] losing[D] lost
    5. 表示让步
    13） Francis Preston Blair，Jr.， born in Kentucky，lived and practiced law in Missouri.
    [A] was [B] he was [C] although [D] who he was