英语中表示比较意义时,常用“as...as”或“比较级+than”的结构来表示。有人认为似乎只有这两种形式才能表示比较意义,其实不然,下列形式也可表示比较意义。
3 U; A. b* w5 g" V: T 一、用the+比较级+of the two... 来表示。例如:
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Tom is the taller and the more handsome of the two brothers. 汤姆是两兄弟中个子较高、长得较俊的一个。
8 n3 h8 O+ `1 y4 ~& y" q: f( U Mount Tai is the higher of the two mountains. 泰山是这两座山中较高的一座。+ c) x3 I1 \% T
I think this dictionary is the more useful of the two. 我认为这本字典是两本中更有用的一本。! R% L. l; E6 n; Q/ R
/ }. v, N' P0 G8 K2 b, W 二、above,over,below,compared with,next to等词常可表示比较意义。例如:$ w( S8 K" h4 T9 Y# X5 ]/ Q
# p& Q) `! b5 F' ~9 {1 S He thinks that the interests of the people are above everything. 他认为人民的利益高于一切。% s9 J& \1 s( T. S6 x$ J9 _
The output value in January this year is eight percent over that of the same period last year. 今年一月的产值比去年的同期增长了百分之八。3 Y4 `7 j8 L1 i3 q, B. H* e+ M
A captain in the army ranks below a captain in the navy. 陆军上尉的级别低于海军上校。. M D( w/ i2 K7 A
I don't think you can be compared with him. 我认为你不能同他相比。
7 S6 y2 y9 Z& ^ As long as men live,water will continue to be what it is today—next in importance to oxygen. 只要有人类存在,水就仍然像今天这样——其重要性仅次于氧。' T, F' G: d/ ?# l4 ?
4 t \/ U; @2 R# u( b7 Y# u; W4 d8 R 三、某些源于拉丁文以?鄄or结尾的形容词,可表示比较级的意义,被比较的对象前用介词to,不用than。用于这种结构的形容词有senior, junior,superior,prior,inferior,anterior,posterior等。例如:
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John is three years senior to Jack. 约翰比杰克大三岁。
i0 k y; Y3 u- g+ r This machine is superior to that one in many respects.这台机器在许多方面比那台机器好得多。+ W* L9 Q& D. |1 F* O
This book is inferior to what I had expected. 这本书比我期望的差。7 b* I3 H) t% {. Y( N% B3 v# R
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四、句子中如有not to speak of,not to mention,to say nothing of,let alone 等否定结构时,也可表示比较概念。例如:' G7 g% A- Z _# V; U7 @
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He cannot afford to buy a silver watch,not to speak of a gold one. 他没有钱去买一只银表,金的就更不必说了。
4 _- v' h1 G& z You are too ill to get out of bed,let alone go shopping. 你病得连床都起不来,更不用说去买东西了。
# O$ L4 N% P9 m6 x% R The boy has not learnt arithmetic,not to mention algebra. 这孩子算术还没学会,更谈不上代数了。
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& P$ @2 M) s2 o) l& l7 y1 f+ S 五、在两个并列分句或两个相互独立的句子中,有时第一个分句暗示某种程度,第二个分句则暗含比较意义。例如:
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/ z7 m8 n" ~* I6 G) L" z$ W The project is great, but the new pro-ject will be greater and more arduous. 这项工程是伟大的,但新工程更伟大、更艰巨。8 }- P- [0 }) J! y/ T( c
六、动词choose...before, pre-fer...to, prefer to do rather than do,可表示“宁可……”、“更喜欢……”的比较意义。例如: # A. Y) }6 j- l- N: Z
The young man chose going to the front before staying at home. 这位年轻人宁可上前线,也不愿呆在家里。 / C1 Y2 t+ k/ g: E0 @ r
The heroine, a girl of strong will,preferred death to surrender.那位女英雄是一个意志坚强的姑娘,她宁死不屈。 # D( d* ?2 @( u" t; |
I prefer to take the whole blame myself rather than allow it to fall on the others.我宁肯自己承担全部责任,也不愿把责任推在别人身上。
) E& }, H L. S8 S8 w3 a 形容词preferable也可表示比较意义。例如:
1 E8 h' K# h8 `5 @ The first method is preferable to the second one. 第一种方法比第二种方法更可取。 |