11.1 一般现在时的用法
: }, L8 T* D; N0 B5 }3 H 1) 经常性或习惯性的动作,常与表示频腮度的时间状语连用。
' N6 i% v5 u+ m! A4 V" c$ I7 S 时间状语: every…, sometimes, at…, on Sunday
' t. i( X9 A* h2 _8 U9 V. K" H I leave home for school at 7 every morning.. i9 C2 ^# q9 @6 L# b, u
2) 客观真理,客观存在,科学事实。
& P% r8 k2 V- ^ The earth moves around the sun.% B r# \( @5 q
Shanghai lies in the east of China.
, v4 T; V4 C' \: z 3) 表示格言或警句中。+ t. {6 _9 S3 u: y% M! p
Pride goes before a fall. 骄者必败。$ M' M4 r' }( Q n) |5 V
注意:此用法如果出现在宾语从句中,即使主句是过去时,从句谓语也要用一般现在时。
8 c) [1 i% Z ]- ` 例:Columbus proved that the earth is round..
9 a6 O6 Z* w% K/ C+ D 4) 现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。; u5 e# H( f2 T. t1 p( r% N
I don’t want so much.
& v' z8 e l2 @% ? Ann Wang writes good English but does not speak well.
: [9 J0 \% H L 比较:Now I put the sugar in the cup.
, |$ T% G5 t/ H. B. N- z1 W I am doing my homework now." j, A* M8 J$ k2 f5 u
第一句用一般现在时,用于操作演示或指导说明的示范性动作,表示言行的瞬间动作。再如:Now watch me, I switch on the current and stand back. 第二句中的now是进行时的标志,表示正在进行的动作的客观状况,所以后句用一般现在时。
) f: W" k1 T$ m5 N/ Q: j 11.2 一般过去时的用法, G6 a7 o) Y& l" e) O# ?4 z/ I
1)在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。, v. v# V& E5 J; `
时间状语有:yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982等。
, f. z6 d* b! W. @; b' o( R7 X7 o Where did you go just now?
. `) ? I/ I- [& B7 J 2)表示在过去一段时间内,经常性或习惯性的动作。9 f/ p6 U+ S& \6 x
When I was a child, I often played football in the street.$ x G v7 H1 y" l$ Y2 q1 t/ M
Whenever the Browns went during their visit, they were given a warm welcome.
' _6 Z/ M- y g2 a; X 3)句型:5 L$ G3 R2 u6 C. D9 }2 w; A* H% l
It is time for sb. to do sth "到……时间了" "该……了"
/ n4 k9 c! F0 [# \' S5 ? It is time sb. did sth. "时间已迟了" "早该……了"
% I- i; K, \% I It is time for you to go to bed. 你该睡觉了。 J5 M+ j4 w4 q6 W- F- ^8 l2 n `; o* i
It is time you went to bed. 你早该睡觉了" E0 p, T4 L; J z* Z! ]
would (had) rather sb. did sth. 表示’宁愿某人做某事’
) d5 x( X) o/ a I’d rather you came tomorrow.2 S( M. x# J1 [& v) a! g A
4) wish, wonder, think, hope 等用过去时,作试探性的询问、请求、建议等。
& h# g3 ~; E* C. ~! K9 w ] I thought you might have some. 我以为你想要一些。
/ c7 s. S: Z q+ _2 ^2 G- h; H 比较:
4 v% A" s" R. U& U1 [# J5 { 一般过去时表示的动作或状态都已成为过去,现已不复存在。
+ m3 ~9 E8 o+ v) o) ^: \0 V Christine was an invalid all her life.
* |( V4 S; q! Y) X5 F# l- } (含义:她已不在人间。)
) m! ?2 V7 `& j Christine has been an invalid all her life.1 Z* R O& M$ P+ W9 M' G0 W
(含义:她现在还活着)
- D' ?/ j2 H( T5 r Mrs. Darby lived in Kentucky for seven years.
, x, |5 T8 p T( O! m! Q (含义:达比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。)
! y+ [ W3 @* H( E r0 _ Mrs. Darby has lived in Kentucky for seven years.. R: } I& n3 @- N) y6 c, S. ^4 s9 d
( 含义:现在还住在肯塔基州,有可能指刚离去)0 ?2 T5 e% E$ ~) p8 `& k
注意: 用过去时表示现在,表示委婉语气。
: O3 D9 Y0 y o$ V/ @ v* q 1)动词want, hope, wonder, think, intend 等。
2 q2 L6 ~- ?' _1 O! A Did you want anything else?8 M" Z% i' F# E) y( W c1 n
I wondered if you could help me.. `$ K" O4 b/ U
2)情态动词 could, would.
' K' I& [% j& z4 d! R, q Could you lend me your bike? |