11.1 一般现在时的用法
6 F: o+ f2 y5 M+ U1 }% W; ` D9 C) M 1) 经常性或习惯性的动作,常与表示频腮度的时间状语连用。* a. g/ F/ t0 Z" K0 C: m/ b% f( H
时间状语: every…, sometimes, at…, on Sunday& c5 Q1 d. { [7 U- |9 {, K
I leave home for school at 7 every morning.; P) w% C4 q. e1 |- x4 P) ], f
2) 客观真理,客观存在,科学事实。& T) S# O+ _) N- \1 ~& f
The earth moves around the sun.6 G0 R+ G& J2 F0 a5 ~ e' I
Shanghai lies in the east of China." g: M3 R6 J! {* c+ j% Q
3) 表示格言或警句中。
( N0 w! ^! a) N* O2 E: P$ _% e( g Pride goes before a fall. 骄者必败。2 N5 \6 j" o7 A( I; P! E) l
注意:此用法如果出现在宾语从句中,即使主句是过去时,从句谓语也要用一般现在时。
5 @. Z0 t+ s) e7 { 例:Columbus proved that the earth is round.. P4 W8 H. |4 c/ o6 L
4) 现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。) T" w3 y& f1 U; B0 k
I don’t want so much. ?; c4 k P* T) w
Ann Wang writes good English but does not speak well.4 b0 D! V. P7 A( @1 ^3 p
比较:Now I put the sugar in the cup.( B4 M( F9 f) `8 O
I am doing my homework now.2 `0 A" s) ?# ]/ ` l4 E
第一句用一般现在时,用于操作演示或指导说明的示范性动作,表示言行的瞬间动作。再如:Now watch me, I switch on the current and stand back. 第二句中的now是进行时的标志,表示正在进行的动作的客观状况,所以后句用一般现在时。
+ \" Q( b3 t1 c( M& u- H9 g 11.2 一般过去时的用法
7 |/ _+ [3 R% V+ a$ g' F/ E 1)在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。
. x& t/ G3 R3 F4 R, M' p8 Z 时间状语有:yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982等。* A. m: \( o* b+ M, s1 O+ b
Where did you go just now?3 E# s- U4 T p$ h* [
2)表示在过去一段时间内,经常性或习惯性的动作。
# s9 B: ?1 T! u. H0 l9 g) s When I was a child, I often played football in the street.
- `2 p- k# V' s1 V Whenever the Browns went during their visit, they were given a warm welcome.
& R! T7 @- v6 B4 l, J% E. e 3)句型:
9 W, z' N, E5 E6 n3 ]* h, d+ t It is time for sb. to do sth "到……时间了" "该……了"& y; [; ^3 B4 x- s
It is time sb. did sth. "时间已迟了" "早该……了"
( v2 r0 |2 g2 w" N4 T S It is time for you to go to bed. 你该睡觉了。
' L" f" J5 ^, a' \ It is time you went to bed. 你早该睡觉了
0 ~- N0 w2 P0 X l would (had) rather sb. did sth. 表示’宁愿某人做某事’, H) V" _% h: ~8 a& z
I’d rather you came tomorrow.
1 _! z9 U/ e5 Q9 x2 v# c! E+ I 4) wish, wonder, think, hope 等用过去时,作试探性的询问、请求、建议等。: w9 Z6 S. j3 R5 ?6 n: {0 J
I thought you might have some. 我以为你想要一些。
6 A' P# L& }% _, l( M4 j, J 比较:
, Z" J$ W3 F. T \6 E3 J* X 一般过去时表示的动作或状态都已成为过去,现已不复存在。
0 d2 f8 H- F5 u0 y Christine was an invalid all her life.; D' P/ y& m$ N0 J8 }, j
(含义:她已不在人间。)
* n& R# Y% [7 f, O9 g; R Christine has been an invalid all her life.
+ [8 [+ q2 j% e9 V (含义:她现在还活着)7 [) G8 r9 Z! Q d! z
Mrs. Darby lived in Kentucky for seven years.
+ r/ f2 ]. q" c6 U" d5 | (含义:达比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。): t5 T* A! h+ P' l0 C0 y
Mrs. Darby has lived in Kentucky for seven years.
9 q/ O0 J0 u# T1 h' `' S ( 含义:现在还住在肯塔基州,有可能指刚离去)6 M0 e8 `! R0 t0 ~8 w- }
注意: 用过去时表示现在,表示委婉语气。
8 ^; z) C6 p. V0 a* `/ P 1)动词want, hope, wonder, think, intend 等。1 U) S* l" B6 \, i. ?8 p$ H+ b3 R
Did you want anything else?1 W/ t; s5 Z0 b# u. u3 W
I wondered if you could help me.) W! h% ^7 t6 V/ @
2)情态动词 could, would.7 o( y, E" W0 L4 s8 W
Could you lend me your bike? |