11.1 一般现在时的用法 J9 W& k0 x" A/ W4 z7 K7 ^
1) 经常性或习惯性的动作,常与表示频腮度的时间状语连用。5 Q1 G5 T w: ]* R" v) p" k4 R: O
时间状语: every…, sometimes, at…, on Sunday7 w. f2 ]3 ~; E6 t
I leave home for school at 7 every morning.
7 x+ V: B' {$ D' M$ E% J% i 2) 客观真理,客观存在,科学事实。+ o9 ^1 g5 L' ?) g, ~
The earth moves around the sun.
7 n% s! `& q0 {# r- ^ V5 H. K) C5 p" m Shanghai lies in the east of China.& h& I% A- D% |/ E
3) 表示格言或警句中。$ u; G6 I, {3 n1 |, M$ s
Pride goes before a fall. 骄者必败。
2 K& b+ a; o$ V: h2 R 注意:此用法如果出现在宾语从句中,即使主句是过去时,从句谓语也要用一般现在时。
# F; R: t/ |4 M+ m: ^9 ^( k 例:Columbus proved that the earth is round..
3 n3 H* _" Q5 w4 G+ o+ J1 x 4) 现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。7 w" C) i9 k9 @8 a
I don’t want so much.3 |1 k! ~. s5 x) Q( i: G
Ann Wang writes good English but does not speak well.
1 e) e* y' N8 j6 f2 h* s 比较:Now I put the sugar in the cup.2 ^0 P+ x9 U. d2 m7 J1 ^+ p
I am doing my homework now.
0 M- K; w; v$ V6 N 第一句用一般现在时,用于操作演示或指导说明的示范性动作,表示言行的瞬间动作。再如:Now watch me, I switch on the current and stand back. 第二句中的now是进行时的标志,表示正在进行的动作的客观状况,所以后句用一般现在时。
0 J& z& g, ^9 ]0 o( I0 [. `* _+ s 11.2 一般过去时的用法
. n/ D+ p& }0 H& x' P 1)在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。- d0 s1 ]& L; A; j6 ], G
时间状语有:yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982等。) B+ h+ R# N8 ]( q
Where did you go just now?
- f6 f4 @; P/ O# s" H1 f4 v+ T- M 2)表示在过去一段时间内,经常性或习惯性的动作。
, R1 J+ s0 g) T7 }) j When I was a child, I often played football in the street." T! Q& y! B9 ~% T: k. U2 c, n
Whenever the Browns went during their visit, they were given a warm welcome.
" l$ y0 z$ v/ R/ t% C& q 3)句型:
* g& \- {1 j: H' w# ^- [- _ It is time for sb. to do sth "到……时间了" "该……了"2 b8 j# T8 D' B+ V+ q+ l
It is time sb. did sth. "时间已迟了" "早该……了"
- |% P9 C* U' ^" I! } It is time for you to go to bed. 你该睡觉了。& R* e- J! a6 b1 F6 e7 P
It is time you went to bed. 你早该睡觉了
$ A. y7 g% \. o+ F1 E* Q' f would (had) rather sb. did sth. 表示’宁愿某人做某事’
* B7 r- q- ^% r4 W! t- r I’d rather you came tomorrow.+ \9 A) Z) X5 _
4) wish, wonder, think, hope 等用过去时,作试探性的询问、请求、建议等。# T7 k) h- o$ E5 J& e0 `# E
I thought you might have some. 我以为你想要一些。1 S; e& F6 W. q/ R
比较:
9 ^4 t1 M8 z. W6 t; B z 一般过去时表示的动作或状态都已成为过去,现已不复存在。
% b( J$ `5 W& T/ ^ Christine was an invalid all her life.
4 @7 h3 [7 Z7 Q (含义:她已不在人间。), d+ s O4 R* }/ a% _
Christine has been an invalid all her life.6 u2 ~! j, |" C
(含义:她现在还活着)
, U8 D6 R: |, l* F- Q Mrs. Darby lived in Kentucky for seven years." l( O0 K% U6 @2 @5 e9 w7 ~# S4 f
(含义:达比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。)
, ^( N+ ?9 u' x# c Mrs. Darby has lived in Kentucky for seven years.
* M3 c/ J% M' ] ( 含义:现在还住在肯塔基州,有可能指刚离去)
4 E$ Z1 p! x: Y; [( T9 Q 注意: 用过去时表示现在,表示委婉语气。# M5 N; M5 C0 e# D
1)动词want, hope, wonder, think, intend 等。' E ? |- f4 S- W* y! ^* m
Did you want anything else?* v' y( F$ z9 |& I- x
I wondered if you could help me.# M+ C l8 T/ g
2)情态动词 could, would.
1 Y3 }+ } o. r0 i+ L8 f Could you lend me your bike? |