现在完成时
0 k' k; j8 H6 v9 j, s+ h 11.10 比较过去时与现在完成时( n& e: g0 S: X- V$ G
1)过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情,强调动作;现在完成时为过去发生的,强调过去的事情对现在的影响,强调的是影响。
, [& B+ b& F8 B" b 2)过去时常与具体的时间状语连用,而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用,或无时间状语。' K3 b n. P2 M7 I5 _
一般过去时的时间状语:
/ A8 L$ ^7 I1 p' R yesterday, last week,…ago, in1980, in October, just now, 具体的时间状语
* M0 {- F' |' p* J/ G 共同的时间状语:, `) l# [) |6 Q% S
this morning, tonight,this April, now, once,before, already, recently,lately
$ b. Y0 ]8 o, K6 I. W/ w 现在完成时的时间状语
/ s# U- {! g: Q; s: d9 t) T) j/ I for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet,till / until, up to now, in past years, always,
y# L. H: Q% o, ^6 _- f- o/ W 不确定的时间状语. ?, v* M X. Y8 z6 }* k
3)现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态,动词一般是延续性的,如live, teach, learn, work, study, know." t. d: F3 a+ @$ A* X
过去时常用的非持续性动词有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。
2 V& }8 ~2 F c6 H, V 举例:' y' Z* n- m7 P! R
I saw this film yesterday.
/ f4 w: t, V/ _8 Y$ V) V, a) \( K (强调看的动作发生过了。)$ R! L" M" }% a% ~/ c
I have seen this film.
& c* x3 R2 ]" f- w2 j# s7 T! v0 L (强调对现在的影响,电影的内容已经知道了。): @( f5 O' _& s% n, U6 d; r. v9 M
Why did you get up so early?5 i$ B% C+ Z; H& ~: g
(强调起床的动作已发生过了。); V3 t& F- z4 [6 D1 R9 D5 b
Who hasn’t handed in his paper?
$ l# j I8 {& \ n- K (强调有卷子,可能为不公平竞争。) V$ ?" T: x0 a+ a
She has returned from Paris.8 x. t. W7 x2 Y! |
她已从巴黎回来了。
' \* T& r9 J( Z, w0 L She returned yesterday.
* ^/ P& a$ C' X" D( i7 G 她是昨天回来了。
% T7 U5 X9 B; |5 I, z1 g He has been in the League for three years.
9 c3 W" s, x5 S- c( ~4 ]' F (在团内的状态可延续)& [/ j& D4 K# j1 L6 ~3 y
He has been a League member for three years.
4 `2 o; j6 n" w (是团员的状态可持续)
: `( v* r3 {& [ He joined the League three years ago.
9 r' }. S; X+ I/ m: }. G0 }# U ( 三年前入团,joined为短暂行为。)
& H9 Z4 z" F8 ~4 i' S I have finished my homework now.
8 N } {& v/ Q8 L, @0 M" M ? ---Will somebody go and get Dr. White?
" H* E6 H* y% J ---He’s already been sent for.9 P6 k6 I) v) c. m
句子中如有过去时的时间副词(如 yesterday, last, week, in 1960)时,不能使用现在完成时,要用过去时。! o/ d5 o; O, a7 H, e. t
(错)Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.$ R6 u4 \7 c9 y& o6 I
(对)Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night. |