(三)作定语。不定式短语作定语时,一般放在被修饰的词之后,有些名词的后面常用不定式作定语。常见的有:ability能力,agreement一致,协议,ambition抱负、野心,anxiety焦急,attempt试图,campaign战役,chance机会,claim声称,courage勇气,decision决定,determination决心,drive努力,eagerness殷切的心情,effort努力,failure失败,hope希望,intention目的意图,motive force动力,movement运动、协议,need需要,opportunity机会,plan计划,promise诺言,readiness乐意,refusal拒绝,reluctance勉强不愿,resolution决心,tendency倾向,right权力,struggle斗争,threat威胁,time时候,way方法,willingness愿意,wish希望。 0 H8 @ \( N3 U$ k# h- c. R
与这些词相对应的形容词或动词常接动词不定式。如ability →be able to, refusal →refuse to 等。
( f7 N& q$ t3 L 作定语时不定式表示将要发生的动作。 8 Y9 e' D2 N, S/ b, J
There is not any one to save him. 没有任何能救他的人。
# P( B, }. H* i He’s a not a man to tell lies. 他不是那种撒谎的人。
X1 w6 d& n! `4 c He’s a man to be trusted 他是个可以信赖的人。
W3 @* P- r& M He needs love to strengthen his broken heart.    他需要爱来给他那破碎的心以力量。 r5 J- Z, |) e1 `
I don’t understand his idea to send his son to the Sahara. 我不明白他把儿子送到撒哈拉沙漠的想法。
( P$ h( C8 U. F; X9 W I need to buy a box to hold my CDs.    我需要买个装CD片的盒子。
. M2 Q0 Y$ T& s1 M This visit is a good opportunity to learn Chinese. 这次访问是学习中文的好机会。
5 ?9 ^* D- {: ?+ w% W; z No investigation, no right to speak. 没有调查就没有发言权。
6 i( g" _; ^( ?! [ Not to speak much is the best way to avoid trouble. 不多言是避免麻烦的最好办法。9 q- ?8 J$ N$ ?8 \* V
This is a good way to make money. 这是个赚钱的好方法。 . V' Q/ Z: t, g
We were given some bread to eat.  给了我们一些面包吃。
! {# x* C# x; E! L, i" B( r( z- ` J$ j I’ve a lot of things to take care of in the office today. 今天我办公室里由于很多事情要处理。
1 R0 U* Y ^( g8 S! }' q Have you got a key to unlock this door?  你有开这个门的钥匙吗? : H( s1 ]2 p$ B- }3 E5 b/ {
He needs a place to live in. 他需要有个住的地方。
6 [( i& Y: f% J* V" x This is not a pen to write with but to draw with. 这不是写字而是画画用的笔。 * V% W3 U3 G- N6 z) ?, g0 i9 ]
I have not a friend to talk with.  我没有能谈心的朋友。
! {' b6 T& ~& Z3 [, g9 d8 X0 D 作定语时,也可以给不定式加上主语。例如: ! S8 M( z) O* O! z2 F
The order for the army to start has been given. 已经发出了让部队开始的命令。
1 X! X8 {' L* M8 q The power for science to serve mankind is limitless.  科学为人类服务的力量是无穷的。
6 u. _( P* j! O1 h7 `' X9 Y The letter for you to answer is placed on your desk..   要你回的那封信放在你办公桌上。 2 k* z% x& S1 k
(四)作表语。放在系动词之后。
: N6 L: `& c+ t 例如:
/ R6 b2 |8 z4 y( n To gamble is to commit suicide, but not to get rich. 赌博就是自杀,而不是致富。 5 y% d# y8 G- v" |; f3 Z
To criticize others is to make enemies. 批评别人就是树敌。
/ X; Z# I# E9 [' P. X To do everything is to do nothing.   什么都做等于什么也做不成。
' G1 ~( e7 t* i0 c { Perhaps the most popular way of relaxing is to participate in sports. 也许最受欢迎的放松方式就是参加体育活动。
. d# C, ~3 ~) ]% W) U! l2 m- q This matter is for you to consider. 这个问题是要你考虑的。
, p; \+ X, Y# q/ b0 t These apples are for the guests to eat. 这些苹果是给客人们吃的。
; P. M/ J& j# F My hope is for all members to come together once a year. 我的希望是所有成员每年聚会一次。
7 j$ S3 S' k' F My advice is for you to apologize to her.  我的建议是你向她道歉。 |