例如:
: s" @: q7 s6 J! r 误:Having been told many times,but he still couldn’t understand it。
+ z2 b6 G, F0 p& c, i 正:He was told many times, but he still couldn’t understand it。
2 u) ?" i8 u, E$ q, k9 v 注意:(1)分词作状语时,逻辑主语即句子的主语;否则要用从句或独立主格结构来表示。) y7 B9 A7 a- G5 b; |' U# E
例如:5 K$ ]& y2 H- R. i3 f" F
Looking out of the window,I saw lots of people there。(=When I looked out of the window,I saw lots of people there。)
; Q# Y& ?+ e# ^& ]9 `0 y- d 我往窗外一看,看见那儿有许多人。 (looking out of the window的逻辑主语,就是句子的主语I。)# R8 q! o( [" h6 H( a" v/ m* A& W& @
(2)在see,hear,watch,notice等动词后,用动词不定式作宾语补语,通常表示(强调)动作从开始到结束的全过程。如果用现在分词作宾语补语,则通常表示动作正在进行。
3 w0 k* V# ^7 q$ p! |# ] 例如:
7 m i( m# N/ E( i We sat two hours and watched the teacher make the experiment。我们坐了两个小时,看老师做实验。(两小时一直在看老师做实验)( }1 |2 N2 e( B4 X# B
We passed by the classroom and saw the teacher making the experiment。我们走过教室,看见老师在做实验。(只是在走过教宰的一刹那间,看见老师正存做实验)
( B1 U' H1 V0 Y3 b I saw him enter the room, unlock a drawer, take out a document, photograph it and put it back。我看见他走进房间,打开抽屉,拿出一份文件,拍了照又放回去(表示一个接一个的一系列动作的全过程时,用动词不定式。
$ \+ |4 |" g- X% D, M- ~8 g5 x I noticed them sitting in the corner and talking about something secret。我注意到他们坐在角落里在谈论什么秘密事儿。 (表示几个同时正在进行的动作,用现在分词)
+ q( e, s$ Q/ P* P' L! [; x4 F# S (3)在“have+宾语+分词”的结构中,用现在分词或过去分词表示的意义不同。在“have+宾语+现在分词”的结构中,现在分词所表示的动作往往是主体让(叫、使、听任、允许)客体做的,或使客体保持或处于某种状态。) Y0 ^/ y& b( v% i" h, {
例如:3 E& Y& D) `: m* w- w
He had the fire burning day and night。他让火日夜燃烧着。1 E) w9 Z { l
Father had me swimming the whole summer vacation。父亲让我整个署假天天游泳。
1 J% k, ?) V+ |9 Y4 E+ t- R 在“have(get)+宾语+过去分词”的结构中,过去分词所表示的动作往往是别人做的或与主体的意志无关。
' l6 C7 {/ S S; t 例如:
% j z7 u3 G3 q" f Mary had her dress washed。玛丽叫别人洗了她的衣服。(衣服是被洗)* c, i( Y' h8 ^8 j+ m" y+ u
had his legs broken。他的腿骨折断了。(表示与主体意志无关的客观遭遇)6 j, ~& w, _/ z) J: b* i7 ~; w
I had my watch stolen yesterday。昨天我的表被人偷了。(表是被偷)
% C0 ^& f6 D, c6 A; j$ y4 l They had Jack beaten。他们叫人打了杰克。(Jack是被打)
5 x5 G& ^/ l* ~! h: O( \ (4)分词作表语时,现在分词有“主动”、“进行”、“使”等意义;过去分词有“被动”、“完成”“受”、“感到…”等意义。* c0 \# E: r: |0 J
例如:
; G: N$ w5 ]+ q) \ K. C- d: J The story is interesting。这个故事很有意思。(故事使人感兴趣)3 r0 Y, ?6 j3 B# M- {: ~$ M
He is interested in dancing。他对舞蹈感兴趣。& ~- w# w* w5 |' s7 s1 O' ?
The news was disappointing。这消息令人失望。, D: @9 _3 @3 E' S8 K, Y) l
They were all disappointed。他们都感到失望。6 M7 V3 C( K% g ~7 a8 H B
The work was tiring。那工作累人。: T2 B) Z, E- x3 @; k7 B) X, q
The workers soon became tired。工人们很快就累了。
( f' I; b; m: B4 h2 w5 g (5)谓语动词的现在进行时和作表语的现在分词形式相同;被动语态动词谓语和作表语的过去分词形式相同,但两者的意思不一样。 |