例如:/ i0 O9 y. X+ s4 W6 S. e0 ?. I2 U
误:Having been told many times,but he still couldn’t understand it。# Q, f, L: G2 R6 y
正:He was told many times, but he still couldn’t understand it。
# g# L& ~' l& b0 @5 _ 注意:(1)分词作状语时,逻辑主语即句子的主语;否则要用从句或独立主格结构来表示。6 _' T7 Z/ R6 z6 `
例如:7 t+ Q" J5 ?5 ]. T0 a( z% r& X
Looking out of the window,I saw lots of people there。(=When I looked out of the window,I saw lots of people there。), H3 _; L/ D" C: T! U5 w8 c
我往窗外一看,看见那儿有许多人。 (looking out of the window的逻辑主语,就是句子的主语I。)
6 g8 ]3 ^2 _3 c3 Q+ r (2)在see,hear,watch,notice等动词后,用动词不定式作宾语补语,通常表示(强调)动作从开始到结束的全过程。如果用现在分词作宾语补语,则通常表示动作正在进行。' G' k' R" m8 a3 G1 @0 F
例如:; w3 Z8 S1 w. }& Z ?9 C( D
We sat two hours and watched the teacher make the experiment。我们坐了两个小时,看老师做实验。(两小时一直在看老师做实验)6 g1 s0 v9 v& {! G1 v
We passed by the classroom and saw the teacher making the experiment。我们走过教室,看见老师在做实验。(只是在走过教宰的一刹那间,看见老师正存做实验)
8 z9 L+ P0 o2 F9 n B" K I saw him enter the room, unlock a drawer, take out a document, photograph it and put it back。我看见他走进房间,打开抽屉,拿出一份文件,拍了照又放回去(表示一个接一个的一系列动作的全过程时,用动词不定式。
, o5 q$ _& V; `$ M; E$ G/ \$ D I noticed them sitting in the corner and talking about something secret。我注意到他们坐在角落里在谈论什么秘密事儿。 (表示几个同时正在进行的动作,用现在分词)
: T( W+ W1 M7 y/ H- f (3)在“have+宾语+分词”的结构中,用现在分词或过去分词表示的意义不同。在“have+宾语+现在分词”的结构中,现在分词所表示的动作往往是主体让(叫、使、听任、允许)客体做的,或使客体保持或处于某种状态。( O/ Q5 E# Z( w* Q5 g0 s
例如:
8 |* W: L) d# a+ ^ He had the fire burning day and night。他让火日夜燃烧着。
3 S* n. G! W* S4 r: L Father had me swimming the whole summer vacation。父亲让我整个署假天天游泳。! {: k2 p7 G+ }: z% X
在“have(get)+宾语+过去分词”的结构中,过去分词所表示的动作往往是别人做的或与主体的意志无关。5 d9 W5 k# J2 j P+ A J
例如:
: e; Q- I' X: n. O: ]' P; W. X' ^ Mary had her dress washed。玛丽叫别人洗了她的衣服。(衣服是被洗)& O' V* `! P/ |; h% d$ j
had his legs broken。他的腿骨折断了。(表示与主体意志无关的客观遭遇)
" ~: ?7 `2 I2 q+ }& A$ g I had my watch stolen yesterday。昨天我的表被人偷了。(表是被偷)8 J5 K+ h- m4 `4 L9 E
They had Jack beaten。他们叫人打了杰克。(Jack是被打)
; T6 v" I7 o# X- ]- v5 i4 S1 R+ |# ~ (4)分词作表语时,现在分词有“主动”、“进行”、“使”等意义;过去分词有“被动”、“完成”“受”、“感到…”等意义。
. e; |* {1 O$ ~8 m* s( Y6 N 例如:
1 |' M* C; L8 r6 i1 P The story is interesting。这个故事很有意思。(故事使人感兴趣)+ z# Z; ^: P* D* t
He is interested in dancing。他对舞蹈感兴趣。
9 s" H' a* L( e F5 |( Y The news was disappointing。这消息令人失望。7 F/ v8 L5 A: a) }# j6 S
They were all disappointed。他们都感到失望。3 }; @1 s% P5 D" w
The work was tiring。那工作累人。3 E; V4 L$ M0 c, D6 f$ w
The workers soon became tired。工人们很快就累了。
8 B; o: P! K6 m2 o9 _ (5)谓语动词的现在进行时和作表语的现在分词形式相同;被动语态动词谓语和作表语的过去分词形式相同,但两者的意思不一样。 |