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[四级词汇语法] 大学英语四级考试:语法笔记讲义67

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发表于 2012-8-14 00:30:10 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式
  (3)接doing时,doing前面可以带自己的形式主语(意思上的主语,也叫逻辑主语)
( w' I% d. D, b- F8 l) L  例如:9 t7 y8 {4 @) e+ x2 v6 w! j
  That teacher doesn' t permit our smoking in his class.老师不允许我们在他讲课时抽烟。(our是smoking的主语)* K* ]* E, `! i3 L# d' E# @- y
  Paul' s mother will forbid his going with you.保罗的妈妈不会允许他跟你去。
5 E' w$ ^" d. L  The doctor advised my taking more exercises.大夫建议我多锻炼。$ y2 P( M  g+ ~- i" g
  6、非谓语动词的正误辨析:/ R: C/ O% |. L! G$ B5 E5 @
  (1 )正在粉刷的房子将是一家书店。0 P- G6 |3 d9 I! O' g& Z2 U
  误: The house painted will be a bookstore
; b! n! l  O& g  正: The house being painted will be a bookstore.
5 i& ], ~; m! ~4 c5 t$ c  正: The house that/which is being painted will be a bookstore.
" ?! L$ m/ Y$ F# o$ C6 I  析:现在分词的被动式和过去分词都表示被动意义,但是过去分词表示动作已经完成,而现在分词的被动式表示动作正在进行、还未完成。
9 M0 O# o1 m, S6 b3 g  (2)他竟然会缺席,这使我感到惊讶。
6 _& A1 f9 ]9 e2 X) ]  误:It is astonished to me that he should be absent.
0 r6 S* f  T" b1 J  正:It is astonishing to me that he should be absent.
* p9 ]3 B' t1 t9 D  正:I am astonished that he is absent.$ F. C) n/ l' U1 c
  析:一般来说,由现在分词转化而来的形容词,有主动意味,说明事物的性质或特征,多可译为令人感到……的;而由过去分词转化而来的形容词,有被动意味或表示已完成的动作,长译为“感到……、觉得……”。5 Y3 N5 r" _. s* K9 f
  (3)这本书我读起来太难了。" ~) o. Y3 Y; [9 V
  误:The book is too difficult far me to read it
' D  ]* c3 p  a8 ~1 A+ m3 o  正:The book is too difficult far me to read4 K$ }2 b" `  e
  析:句子主语是不定式的逻辑宾语,所以应去掉,否则就犯了重复的毛病。+ P% Y) X3 X: Z6 l  u1 m
  (4) 打开抽屉,他拿出词典。9 u( q2 f4 G, C. L0 p4 h1 y
  误:Opening the drawer, and he took out a dictionary.
( e! n0 Z; T/ b7 }  正:Opening the drawer, he took out a dictionary.
0 \/ W% d- D3 m/ d' P  析:并列连词等是用来连接两个或更多个语法作用相同的词、短语、或句子。分词短语和句子之间不能用并列连词。
' C4 L+ D. v' r% @, L  (5) 他别无选择,只有躺下来睡觉。
$ X4 F" E2 b; X: B# I" v  误:He has no choice but lying dawn and sleeping.
+ W  Q% q# c+ x  正:He has no choice but to lie dawn and sleep.
5 S$ y. f+ ^% p8 T  正:He can do noting but lie dawn and sleep.
' r# }9 p7 P& j  正:He has nothing to do but lie dawn and sleep.
/ Y. s" o9 ]+ s& X, x* w  析:在这种句型中,but和except后用不定式,不用动名词。并且若句中含有动词do时,but,except后跟省掉to的不定式。
8 _$ C! M& L1 o8 J  (6) 革命意味着解放生产力。
+ L! ?2 y, l% W. @' W  误:Revolution means to liberate the productive farces.
7 _/ l6 l+ ?1 ~- @7 U8 j1 H  正:Revolution means liberating the productive farces.9 `! w% ?0 h8 b$ R4 Z
  析:mean后跟动词不定式表示“意欲/打算”,后面跟动名词表示“意味着”
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