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[四级词汇语法] 大学英语四级考试:语法笔记讲义67

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发表于 2012-8-14 00:30:10 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式
  (3)接doing时,doing前面可以带自己的形式主语(意思上的主语,也叫逻辑主语). c, W9 w6 B* }
  例如:
8 [# Q$ W! M& w  f# e  That teacher doesn' t permit our smoking in his class.老师不允许我们在他讲课时抽烟。(our是smoking的主语). s- T0 f: _" S5 D3 s
  Paul' s mother will forbid his going with you.保罗的妈妈不会允许他跟你去。7 x  x6 c0 _6 m# G
  The doctor advised my taking more exercises.大夫建议我多锻炼。0 A) i( U% x' W
  6、非谓语动词的正误辨析:6 Y0 e* c) }% ?% s
  (1 )正在粉刷的房子将是一家书店。
7 ]8 @: }: x2 W9 W' R# S* s  误: The house painted will be a bookstore. y4 N# s8 z3 M; Z" U9 F1 {9 \
  正: The house being painted will be a bookstore.) o& Z) U2 L( q0 U6 j
  正: The house that/which is being painted will be a bookstore.
# d, P; G% u8 y6 p  u$ S  析:现在分词的被动式和过去分词都表示被动意义,但是过去分词表示动作已经完成,而现在分词的被动式表示动作正在进行、还未完成。
+ R( b, ~  ?" R, `) }& E- E  (2)他竟然会缺席,这使我感到惊讶。
. `: E  d! ?) f  误:It is astonished to me that he should be absent.
7 C. v; r: ?0 C* [# I0 i' q5 X  正:It is astonishing to me that he should be absent.7 M7 F) T& b" r( f
  正:I am astonished that he is absent.
! X7 D% y/ s: D& q6 ]6 F  析:一般来说,由现在分词转化而来的形容词,有主动意味,说明事物的性质或特征,多可译为令人感到……的;而由过去分词转化而来的形容词,有被动意味或表示已完成的动作,长译为“感到……、觉得……”。9 O: m' g- Y& W) g  ~# C
  (3)这本书我读起来太难了。
6 i) a3 k# [7 }! _  误:The book is too difficult far me to read it
3 ?9 a' Y$ U6 U  正:The book is too difficult far me to read6 j- U, j- ]+ M2 m
  析:句子主语是不定式的逻辑宾语,所以应去掉,否则就犯了重复的毛病。* H7 R* [7 L" l; l: }1 d& Y
  (4) 打开抽屉,他拿出词典。$ {9 y% T# R+ g1 @' d6 y
  误:Opening the drawer, and he took out a dictionary.$ m: a9 g0 O% a
  正:Opening the drawer, he took out a dictionary.
1 k4 ~' }% I) C: |  析:并列连词等是用来连接两个或更多个语法作用相同的词、短语、或句子。分词短语和句子之间不能用并列连词。
, q! q# C6 i7 g( ~# r  (5) 他别无选择,只有躺下来睡觉。" I- n, B7 ^! D6 H
  误:He has no choice but lying dawn and sleeping.
, L6 R6 c7 g+ e' F7 ^7 ~- |  正:He has no choice but to lie dawn and sleep.6 T) p+ o* ]: i0 z
  正:He can do noting but lie dawn and sleep.! P0 q( w! S: B* _# \2 t3 O8 C( {
  正:He has nothing to do but lie dawn and sleep.2 ~2 ]; `: i+ d& J
  析:在这种句型中,but和except后用不定式,不用动名词。并且若句中含有动词do时,but,except后跟省掉to的不定式。9 Z* W: r/ T( H9 A7 u% S# F2 ~# R
  (6) 革命意味着解放生产力。% L% T* t& J6 T
  误:Revolution means to liberate the productive farces.
0 v( U6 {( ~8 b6 \% `% d) [  正:Revolution means liberating the productive farces.
: h6 ^6 D3 I5 r  析:mean后跟动词不定式表示“意欲/打算”,后面跟动名词表示“意味着”
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