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[四级词汇语法] 大学英语四级考试:语法笔记讲义68

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发表于 2012-8-14 00:30:10 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式
  (7))他在看通知时有了一个主意。) C' D" E) x+ M5 j; x
  误:When reading the notice, an idea came into his mind.
% B, q8 y" X) z+ ?( l0 o; ^1 R" j  正:When he was reading the notice, an idea came into his mind.
, U; I4 g, y+ B# L% W4 }' h  正:Reading (When reading) the notice, he had an idea.
& c* _# d+ e6 ]" c  析:分词的逻辑主语要与句子的主语一致- T: `+ H4 J2 s3 Z  M- O0 T
  (8)依据他的说法,这个答案是对的。& ~( X* O! X8 O2 X2 v9 O
  误:Judge from what he said, the answer is right.
9 ?" h# T( M% e4 g  正:Judging from what he said, the answer is right.# D: t5 q1 `6 s) \" l
  析:“Judging” 在这里是插入语,作独立成分。类似的用法还有to tell, the truth, considering, generally speaking等。2 o) e9 X/ j7 B0 ~; K$ w, O, W
  (9)我们尽快地走,希望及时赶到
' R4 n$ T, H* W0 {5 [  误:We walked as fast as we could to hope to get there in time.
3 m, A7 G6 B! E" A2 ?+ ^1 b  正:We walked as fast as we could, hoping to get there in time.
; A  s4 C7 J: r. U  析:根据句意,希望hope不表示目的,而表示伴随状况,所以用hoping.7 x/ J6 g. R: x5 G( |) P" q
  (10)这封需要马上回复。
9 r$ r0 f: L& d  误:The letter demanded answering immediately.
- G9 l& m5 `8 E0 `% |% m  正:The letter demanded an immediate answer.
2 q# |4 |% A' M  正:The letter required (needed) answering immediately.1 {; y0 A' K& O- Q
  析:require,need,want作“需要”解时,可跟动名词做宾语。demand作此义解时,不能跟动名词作宾语,要跟名词。
6 J- q, m2 d! X  (11)这是80年代建造的工厂之一。
0 G3 [) U; s" T% l8 w7 M  d% s. o  误:This is one of the factories having been built in the 1980s.8 o! _  l0 D& J8 B( z+ T: x
  正:This is one of the factories built in the 1980s.9 Q3 Q* a. Q6 e2 l0 P
  析:现在分词的完成式主要用做状语,不做定语。& G" Q3 E% u/ M& c5 J, c+ ?
  (12)给我一张纸写东西。  c: F: e) z  E* I) ~% ?
  误:Give me a sheet of paper to write8 a9 L6 X/ K: Q# X# i7 o* k
  正:Give me a sheet of paper to write on
# |1 z, ]: R: E# U) T% J1 \  析:不定式做定语时,如果它所修饰的名词在意义上是不定式的宾语而不是主语的时候,这个不定式的后面应根据意义加上适当的介词。: Z0 h* {  v( e* P) s* W0 x
  独立主格结构& j! A( s, m7 U- p* ^: x: |
  独立主格结构由名词或代词加上其他成分(分词、不定式、名词、代词、形容词、副词或介词短语)构成。; x7 ?8 J# N7 X, d% `
  独立主格结构没有主语和谓语,所以在语法上不是句子。但多有名词或代词表示的逻辑主语,分词或不定式表示的逻辑谓语,有时还有其他修饰成分。(判断一个结构是否是句子的标准就是看看这个结构是否有谓语动词。)这种结构通常在句子中起方式、时间、原因、条件等状语或状语从句的作用,主要用于书面语。使用动词非谓语形式的独立主格结构可以改为句子形式(从句):独立主格结构加上连词,非谓语动词改为谓语动词形式,这样就成为从句了。# g* ]" j$ {3 T; T6 G
  例如:
* F0 J! E" A6 d3 I) k1 L  Today being Sunday, the library isn' t open.今天星期天,图书馆不开放。
4 L5 C* W& `6 O/ l: \  (原因)改为从句:
5 {6 e: d/ n3 O  As (Since) today is Sunday, the library isn' t open.
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