(7))他在看通知时有了一个主意。
7 v" ?2 e1 S7 L: c8 e1 S4 h 误:When reading the notice, an idea came into his mind.
0 e8 k: }( Q/ }9 s/ Q 正:When he was reading the notice, an idea came into his mind." H7 B! [ ?2 \1 d+ R, x
正:Reading (When reading) the notice, he had an idea./ Z7 A3 Q$ k3 y& Z
析:分词的逻辑主语要与句子的主语一致) L8 }9 z: i* Q+ j. k- ^
(8)依据他的说法,这个答案是对的。1 W' M8 A9 C5 u9 S5 l# W9 i
误:Judge from what he said, the answer is right./ h. \' A. _6 C+ _6 Z& t$ Y$ ~' [
正:Judging from what he said, the answer is right.
5 p v( M. Y: J( I" E; G8 S9 \ r 析:“Judging” 在这里是插入语,作独立成分。类似的用法还有to tell, the truth, considering, generally speaking等。
" C, _. J" B, | (9)我们尽快地走,希望及时赶到
! h: E1 o. L7 s1 B9 { 误:We walked as fast as we could to hope to get there in time.1 l1 ~& J4 {3 E3 {
正:We walked as fast as we could, hoping to get there in time. P) ^: ^/ ]' k# v" h V
析:根据句意,希望hope不表示目的,而表示伴随状况,所以用hoping.+ ~( {6 y& p. \4 u$ }+ z
(10)这封需要马上回复。0 \+ |) v. x) Z( r6 N
误:The letter demanded answering immediately.
/ C) W4 S8 X8 `8 {# t& ~1 e3 a4 A 正:The letter demanded an immediate answer.
, k9 V4 p. P" ` 正:The letter required (needed) answering immediately.+ j, s& B% q1 h, k7 c
析:require,need,want作“需要”解时,可跟动名词做宾语。demand作此义解时,不能跟动名词作宾语,要跟名词。- X7 s x4 c0 p* \% v5 N8 Q
(11)这是80年代建造的工厂之一。
% f+ C$ W! k( s( l8 z! l9 ? 误:This is one of the factories having been built in the 1980s.
( v* u/ W* T: Z3 X% a6 Q- _! Z4 [" n" x 正:This is one of the factories built in the 1980s.
. B& o$ i5 G' f0 \ z 析:现在分词的完成式主要用做状语,不做定语。1 }2 N2 e, O9 ~3 }
(12)给我一张纸写东西。
/ w3 u2 K2 h5 W R; \ 误:Give me a sheet of paper to write8 T$ y% o+ i4 E5 V) m0 F8 l
正:Give me a sheet of paper to write on2 M1 [0 O1 H7 N8 ^% c$ @/ ]
析:不定式做定语时,如果它所修饰的名词在意义上是不定式的宾语而不是主语的时候,这个不定式的后面应根据意义加上适当的介词。
) A, [4 ]' t E. Y3 M 独立主格结构
/ V' _1 z. q: u3 H% p8 y 独立主格结构由名词或代词加上其他成分(分词、不定式、名词、代词、形容词、副词或介词短语)构成。
; m6 G5 }1 D1 f: [ 独立主格结构没有主语和谓语,所以在语法上不是句子。但多有名词或代词表示的逻辑主语,分词或不定式表示的逻辑谓语,有时还有其他修饰成分。(判断一个结构是否是句子的标准就是看看这个结构是否有谓语动词。)这种结构通常在句子中起方式、时间、原因、条件等状语或状语从句的作用,主要用于书面语。使用动词非谓语形式的独立主格结构可以改为句子形式(从句):独立主格结构加上连词,非谓语动词改为谓语动词形式,这样就成为从句了。% `# q1 A5 L( y( P6 C" z+ |+ V: G
例如:, V: Q7 k! L% m: n) L% n
Today being Sunday, the library isn' t open.今天星期天,图书馆不开放。
! Y( h0 J7 O1 A# d0 X# w0 o (原因)改为从句:( o, ]# f* F, Y) `3 p6 _& N
As (Since) today is Sunday, the library isn' t open. |